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Día 273 · Repaso de la Semana 39 · Estilo indirecto completo

⏱️ Duración total: ~3 h 15 min — Repaso guiado 60 min · Práctica integradora 60 min · Reto de consolidación 60 min · Quiz ~15 min. Puedes dividirlo en varias sesiones el mismo día.

🎯 Objetivo del día

📖 Clase (60 min) — Síntesis de la semana

Introducción y contexto

Hoy es repaso (repetición espaciada): no hay contenido nuevo, sino que fijamos lo aprendido revisándolo de forma activa. El estilo indirecto es acumulativo: cada día se apoyó en el anterior. Vamos a recorrerlo como un mapa único y luego a someterlo a prueba. La meta es que las transformaciones te salgan automáticas, sin pararte a pensar.

Mapa mental de la Semana 39

Día 267 — Backshift. Reporting verb en pasado → el verbo reportado retrocede:

Directo Indirecto
present simple past simple
present continuous past continuous
present perfect past perfect
past simple past perfect
will / can / must would / could / had to

No cambian: past perfect, would/could/should/might. Opcional si sigue vigente o el reporting verb está en presente. say sin objeto / tell + objeto.

Día 268 — Preguntas reportadas. WH: asked + WH + sujeto + verbo. Yes/No: asked + if/whether + sujeto + verbo. Nunca auxiliar do/does/did, nunca inversión, nunca "?", nunca that.

Día 269 — Órdenes, peticiones, consejos. verbo + objeto + (not) to + infinitivo: tell, ask, advise, warn, remind, order, beg, encourage, invite, forbid. suggest/recommend → -ing o that + (should).

Día 270 — Reporting verbs avanzados (5 patrones). A: V + that. B: V + -ing (deny, admit, suggest). C: V + obj + to (persuade, urge). D: V + to (offer, promise, refuse, threaten). E: V + prep + -ing (accuse of, apologize for, insist on, congratulate on, blame for).

Día 271 — Periodismo. according to + fuente; allegedly / is alleged/said/believed to; mezcla de cita directa (puntuación) e indirecta; titular en headline-ese (presente=pasado, to=futuro); pirámide invertida.

Los 8 errores que NO debes repetir

  1. ✗ He said me... → ✓ He told me... / He said...
  2. ✗ She asked where did I live. → ✓ She asked where I lived.
  3. ✗ He asked me if I was tired? → ✓ ...if I was tired. (punto)
  4. ✗ He told me that I close the door. → ✓ He told me to close the door.
  5. ✗ He suggested me to go. → ✓ He suggested going / that I go.
  6. ✗ She denied to take it. → ✓ She denied taking it.
  7. ✗ He accused me to lie. → ✓ He accused me of lying.
  8. ✗ According to me... → ✓ In my opinion...

✍️ Ejercicios (60 min) — Práctica integradora

Bloque 1 — Transformación mixta (12 min)

Reporta (todas con reporting verb en pasado):

  1. "I am studying English." (He said)
  2. "Where do you work?" (She asked)
  3. "Don't open the door." (He told me)
  4. "I didn't break it." (She denied)
  5. "Are you ready?" (He asked)
  6. "I'll pay for everything." (She offered)
  7. "You should rest." (The doctor advised me)

Bloque 2 — Elige el reporting verb preciso (10 min)

Reemplaza said por un verbo mejor:

  1. "It wasn't me," he said. → He ___
  2. "I'm sorry I shouted," she said. → She ___
  3. "I promise I'll be there," he said. → He ___
  4. "Let's order pizza," she said. → She ___
  5. "You always arrive late!" he said to me. → He ___ me ___

Bloque 3 — Corrige (todos tienen un error) (10 min)

  1. She asked me what time was it.
  2. He said me that he was busy.
  3. They told that they would come.
  4. He insisted to pay the bill.
  5. She suggested me to take a break.
  6. He apologized to be late.

Bloque 4 — Directo ↔ Indirecto (10 min)

Pasa a estilo DIRECTO (reconstruye las comillas):

  1. She told me she had finished the report the day before.
  2. He asked if I could help him.
  3. They warned us not to swim there.

Bloque 5 — Traducción Español → Inglés (12 min)

  1. Me dijo que estaba cansado.
  2. Me preguntó si yo hablaba inglés.
  3. Me aconsejó descansar.
  4. Negó haber roto el jarrón.
  5. Se ofreció a ayudarnos.
  6. Según la policía, la carretera estaba cerrada.

Bloque 6 — Producción escrita (6 min)

Reporta en 6 frases una conversación reciente real usando 6 reporting verbs distintos.

Ver soluciones

B1: 1. He said he was studying English. 2. She asked where I worked. 3. He told me not to open the door. 4. She denied breaking it. 5. He asked if/whether I was ready. 6. She offered to pay for everything. 7. The doctor advised me to rest. B2: 1. He denied it / He denied doing it. 2. She apologized for shouting. 3. He promised to be there / that he would be there. 4. She suggested ordering pizza / that we order pizza. 5. He accused me of always arriving late / complained that I always arrived late. B3: 1. She asked me what time it was. 2. He told me that he was busy. / He said that he was busy. 3. They told us that they would come. / They said that they would come. 4. He insisted on paying the bill. 5. She suggested taking a break / that I take a break. 6. He apologized for being late. B4: 1. "I have finished the report" / "I finished the report yesterday," she told me. 2. "Can you help me?" he asked. 3. "Don't swim there," they warned us. B5: 1. He/She told me (that) he/she was tired. 2. He/She asked if/whether I spoke English. 3. He/She advised me to rest. 4. He/She denied breaking the vase. 5. He/She offered to help us. 6. According to the police, the road was closed. B6: Respuesta libre.

🚀 Reto del día (60 min) — Consolidación

"Tres minutos de reportero" — repaso oral integrador.

  1. Recupera una noticia real corta en español (o invéntala) con al menos una declaración. (5 min)
  2. Transfórmala en un mini-reportaje en inglés de 8–10 frases que use OBLIGATORIAMENTE: 2 frases con backshift, 1 pregunta reportada, 1 orden/consejo reportado, 3 reporting verbs distintos del Patrón B/D/E, 1 according to. (25 min)
  3. Revisa con los 8 errores prohibidos. (10 min)
  4. Grábate locutándolo (2–3 min) y luego escúchate marcando aciertos y fallos. (15 min)
  5. Autoevalúa. (5 min)

Rúbrica (0–10):

✅ Quiz (~15 min) — Test integrador de la semana

  1. "I have lost my keys." (He said) → ?
  2. "What are you doing?" (She asked) → ?
  3. "Wait here." (He told me) → ?
  4. "I won't sign." (She refused) → ?
  5. "I'm sorry I was rude." (He apologized) → ?
  6. ¿Qué tiempos NO cambian con backshift?
  7. ¿Qué conector usan las preguntas Yes/No reportadas?
  8. suggest nunca va con... ?
  9. Corrige: He accused me to steal it.
  10. Corrige: According to me, the plan is bad.
Ver respuestas
  1. He said he had lost his keys. 2. She asked what I was doing. 3. He told me to wait there. 4. She refused to sign. 5. He apologized for being rude. 6. Past perfect y would/could/should/might (también had to). 7. if o whether. 8. to + infinitivo (usa -ing o that). 9. He accused me of stealing it. 10. In my opinion, the plan is bad.

📚 Recursos

⏭️ Siguiente

Mañana empieza la Semana 40: el tercer condicional (If + had + participio, would have...) para hablar de hipótesis y arrepentimientos sobre el pasado.

Quiz

Q ¿Qué tiempos NO cambian con backshift?
* past perfect y would/could
- present simple y present perfect
- will y can
Q ¿Qué conector usan las preguntas Yes/No reportadas?
* if / whether
- that
- which
Q *suggest* nunca va con...
* to + infinitivo
- -ing
- that
Q ¿Cuál corrige *He accused me to steal it*?
* He accused me of stealing it.
- He accused me to stealing it.
- He accused me for steal it.
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