Día 270 · Reporting verbs avanzados y sus patrones

⏱️ Duración total: ~3 h 15 min — Clase 60 min · Ejercicios 60 min · Reto 60 min · Quiz ~15 min. Puedes dividirlo en varias sesiones el mismo día.

🎯 Objetivo del día

Al terminar usarás reporting verbs precisos (admit, deny, offer, promise, accuse, suggest, insist).
Clasificarás los reporting verbs por su patrón sintáctico.
Reportarás con verb + -ing, verb + that, verb + obj + to, verb + prep + -ing.
Sustituirás un anodino say por un verbo que aporte matiz e intención.
Evitarás los errores típicos de patrón (deny to, suggest me to, etc.).

📖 Clase (60 min)

Introducción y contexto

Hasta ahora has reportado con say, tell, ask. En B2/C1 lo que marca la diferencia es elegir un reporting verb que ya contenga el matiz: en lugar de He said he didn't do it, suena mucho mejor He denied doing it. En vez de She said she would help, She offered to help. Estos verbos comprimen información (la actitud del hablante) en una sola palabra: precisión periodística, fluidez profesional, riqueza C1.

El problema para el hispanohablante NO es el significado de los verbos (suelen ser transparentes) sino su patrón gramatical: cada reporting verb "exige" una construcción concreta y no son intercambiables. suggest nunca lleva to + infinitivo; accuse exige of + -ing; promise puede ir con to + infinitivo o con that. Hoy organizamos estos verbos en 5 patrones para que elijas el correcto sin dudar.

Explicación detallada (patrón por patrón)

Patrón A — verb + (that) + cláusula. El más general: admit, deny, claim, explain, mention, point out, complain, insist, agree, suggest, recommend, promise, warn (someone) that, remind (someone) that.

He admitted that he had lied. / She explained that the train was late. / They insisted that we stay.

Patrón B — verb + -ing. El verbo va seguido directamente de gerundio: admit, deny, suggest, recommend, mention, regret.

He denied taking the money. / She suggested going out. / He admitted breaking it. (Nota: admit, deny, suggest, recommend pueden ir en Patrón A o B.)

Patrón C — verb + obj + to + infinitivo. Visto ayer: tell, ask, advise, warn, remind, order, encourage, invite, beg, persuade, urge, forbid, instruct.

She persuaded me to apply. / He urged them to leave. / They forbade us to enter.

Patrón D — verb + to + infinitivo (sin objeto). El sujeto del reporting verb es quien hace la acción: offer, promise, agree, refuse, threaten, decide, claim.

He offered to help. / She refused to sign. / They threatened to call the police. / He promised to come.

Patrón E — verb + preposición + (-ing / obj + -ing). Algunos exigen preposición fija:

accuse somebody OF + -ing: She accused him of lying.
apologize FOR + -ing: He apologized for being late.
insist ON + -ing: She insisted on paying.
blame somebody FOR / blame something ON: They blamed me for the delay.
congratulate somebody ON + -ing: She congratulated me on passing.
warn somebody AGAINST + -ing: He warned us against investing.
boast / brag ABOUT + -ing.
thank somebody FOR + -ing.

Cómo elegir. Pregúntate qué hizo el hablante al decirlo: ¿negó algo? → deny. ¿Aceptó culpa? → admit. ¿Prometió? → promise. ¿Se ofreció? → offer. ¿Acusó a alguien? → accuse... of. ¿Se disculpó? → apologize for. El verbo correcto + su patrón = registro C1.

Vocabulario clave

English	Pronunciación aprox.	Español
to admit	tu admít	admitir / reconocer
to deny	tu denái	negar
to offer	tu ófer	ofrecerse a
to promise	tu prómis	prometer
to refuse	tu rifiúz	negarse a
to threaten	tu zréten	amenazar (con)
to accuse	tu akiúz	acusar
to apologize	tu apóloyaiz	disculparse
to insist	tu insíst	insistir
to complain	tu kompléin	quejarse
to persuade	tu persuéid	persuadir / convencer
to urge	tu erch	instar / urgir
to blame	tu bléim	culpar
to congratulate	tu kongráchuleit	felicitar
to boast / brag	tu bóust / brag	presumir / fanfarronear
to regret	tu rigrét	lamentar

Gramática a fondo

Patrón	Verbos típicos	Ejemplo
A: V + (that) + cláusula	admit, claim, explain, insist, complain	He explained that he was busy.
B: V + -ing	deny, suggest, admit, recommend, regret	She denied stealing it.
C: V + obj + to + inf	tell, advise, persuade, urge, remind	He persuaded me to stay.
D: V + to + inf	offer, promise, refuse, agree, threaten	She refused to answer.
E: V + prep + -ing	accuse of, apologize for, insist on	He apologized for being late.

Verbos flexibles: admit / deny / suggest / recommend aceptan A y B. promise / agree / claim aceptan A y D. warn / remind aceptan A y C.

Pronunciación y notas de uso

threaten /ˈθretn/ — empieza con th sordo (lengua entre dientes); la e es corta.
accuse /əˈkjuːz/ — termina con sonido "z".
apologize /əˈpɒlədʒaɪz/ — acento en la sílaba po.
persuade /pəˈsweɪd/ — "per-SUÉID"; el sustantivo es persuasion.
suggest /səˈdʒest/ — NUNCA suggest to do; siempre -ing o that.

Errores comunes del hispanohablante

✗ He denied to take the money. → ✓ He denied taking the money.
✗ She suggested me to go. → ✓ She suggested going / that I go.
✗ He accused me to lie. → ✓ He accused me of lying.
✗ She apologized to be late. → ✓ She apologized for being late.
✗ He insisted to pay. → ✓ He insisted on paying.
✗ They threatened calling the police. → ✓ They threatened to call the police.
✗ He congratulated me for pass. → ✓ He congratulated me on passing.

Mini-diálogo de ejemplo

A: So, what happened in the meeting? (¿Qué pasó en la reunión?) B: It got tense. Mark accused Tom of leaking the report. (Se puso tensa. Mark acusó a Tom de filtrar el informe.) A: And Tom? (¿Y Tom?) B: He denied doing it and insisted on seeing the evidence. (Lo negó e insistió en ver las pruebas.) A: Did anyone calm things down? (¿Alguien calmó las cosas?) B: Yes, Ana offered to investigate and promised to report back on Friday. Mark later apologized for losing his temper. (Sí, Ana se ofreció a investigar y prometió informar el viernes. Mark luego se disculpó por perder los nervios.)

✍️ Ejercicios (60 min)

Bloque 1 — Identifica el patrón (8 min)

Indica el patrón (A–E) de cada verbo: 1. deny · 2. offer · 3. accuse · 4. persuade · 5. apologize · 6. promise · 7. suggest · 8. urge

Bloque 2 — Reescribe con el reporting verb dado (12 min)

"I didn't break it." (deny) → He ___
"I'll help you." (offer) → She ___
"You stole my pen!" (accuse) → He ___ me ___
"I'm sorry I was late." (apologize) → She ___
"Let's go to the cinema." (suggest) → He ___
"I won't sign." (refuse) → She ___
"Please, please stay." (beg) → He ___ me ___

Bloque 3 — Corrige los errores de patrón (10 min)

He denied to take the money.
She suggested me to go.
He accused me to lie.
She apologized to be late.
They threatened calling the police.

Bloque 4 — Empareja verbo y preposición (8 min)

accuse ___ 2. apologize ___ 3. insist ___ 4. congratulate ___ 5. blame somebody ___ 6. warn somebody ___ (opciones: of, for, on, on, for, against)

Bloque 5 — Traducción Español → Inglés (12 min)

Negó haber robado el dinero.
Se ofreció a ayudarnos.
Me acusó de mentir.
Se disculpó por llegar tarde.
Insistió en pagar.
Prometió volver el viernes.

Bloque 6 — Producción escrita (10 min)

Resume un conflicto o negociación (real o inventado) en 8 frases usando 8 reporting verbs distintos con su patrón correcto.

Ver soluciones

B1: 1. B · 2. D · 3. E · 4. C · 5. E · 6. D (o A) · 7. B (o A) · 8. C B2: 1. He denied breaking it. 2. She offered to help me. 3. He accused me of stealing his pen. 4. She apologized for being late. 5. He suggested going to the cinema / that we go to the cinema. 6. She refused to sign. 7. He begged me to stay. B3: 1. He denied taking the money. 2. She suggested going / that I go. 3. He accused me of lying. 4. She apologized for being late. 5. They threatened to call the police. B4: 1. of · 2. for · 3. on · 4. on · 5. for · 6. against B5: 1. He/She denied stealing the money. 2. He/She offered to help us. 3. He/She accused me of lying. 4. He/She apologized for being late / arriving late. 5. He/She insisted on paying. 6. He/She promised to come back on Friday. B6: Respuesta libre.

🚀 Reto del día (60 min)

"News report" — escribe una noticia con reporting verbs precisos.

Elige un suceso (un escándalo, una negociación deportiva, un juicio, una rueda de prensa). (5 min)
Escribe 8–10 declaraciones en estilo directo de distintas personas implicadas. (20 min)
Redáctalo como artículo de prensa reportando cada declaración con el reporting verb más preciso (variando entre los 5 patrones; no repitas said). (20 min)
Grábate leyendo el artículo como un presentador de noticias. (10 min)
Autoevalúa. (5 min)

Rúbrica (0–10):

Variedad de reporting verbs (mínimo 6 distintos): 0–3
Patrón sintáctico correcto en cada uno: 0–3
Preposiciones fijas correctas (of/for/on...): 0–2
Backshift/pronombres correctos donde apliquen: 0–1
Fluidez y registro periodístico: 0–1

✅ Quiz (~15 min)

deny + ? (patrón)
offer + ? (patrón)
accuse somebody ___ + -ing
apologize ___ + -ing
insist ___ + -ing
Corrige: He suggested me to go.
Corrige: They threatened calling the police.
Reescribe con deny: "I didn't do it."
Reescribe con offer: "I'll carry it for you."
Traduce: Me acusó de mentir.

Ver respuestas

-ing (o that) — deny doing. 2. to + infinitivo — offer to do. 3. of (accuse somebody of doing). 4. for (apologize for doing). 5. on (insist on doing). 6. He suggested going / that I go. 7. They threatened to call the police. 8. He/She denied doing it. 9. He/She offered to carry it for me. 10. He/She accused me of lying.

📚 Recursos

British Council — Reporting verbs: https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org
BBC Learning English — Reporting verbs and patterns: https://www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish
Cambridge Grammar — Verb patterns: https://dictionary.cambridge.org/grammar

⏭️ Siguiente

Mañana: inglés periodístico — titulares, quoting directo e indirecto, atribución de fuentes y estilo de noticia para integrar todo el estilo indirecto de la semana.

Quiz

Q "I didn't do it." → He denied ___ it.
* doing
- to do
- that do
Q "I'll help." → She offered ___.
* to help
- helping
- for helping
Q *accuse somebody ___ + -ing*
* of
- for
- on
Q ¿Cuál es correcta?
* He apologized for being late.
- He apologized to be late.
- He apologized being late.