Día 265 · Proyecto — Reportaje de investigación
⏱️ Duración total: ~3 h 15 min — Clase 60 min · Ejercicios 60 min · Reto 60 min · Quiz ~15 min. Puedes dividirlo en varias sesiones el mismo día.
🎯 Objetivo del día
- Al terminar producirás un reportaje de investigación completo integrando toda la pasiva.
- Combinarás tiempos pasivos, pasiva impersonal, causativa y phrasal pasivos en un texto coherente.
- Estructurarás un texto periodístico: titular, entradilla, cuerpo, cierre.
- Presentarás el reportaje oralmente con tono profesional.
- Autoevaluarás con una rúbrica de proyecto integral.
📖 Clase (60 min)
Introducción y contexto
Día de proyecto de la Semana 38. Has aprendido toda la maquinaria de la pasiva avanzada: perfectos pasivos, infinitivo/gerundio pasivo, It is said that…, causativa y phrasal pasivos. Hoy lo integras en el formato donde más brilla la pasiva: el reportaje de investigación periodístico. Un buen reportaje combina hechos confirmados (perfectos pasivos), rumores y fuentes (pasiva impersonal) y procesos (presente pasivo). No hay gramática nueva: hay síntesis y producción.
Modelo de reportaje (estúdialo)
HISTORIC BRIDGE TO BE RESTORED AFTER YEARS OF NEGLECT
The old Riverside Bridge will finally be restored, the city council has announced. The structure, which was built in 1887, has been closed to traffic since 2019, when serious damage was discovered during a routine inspection.
It is believed that the repairs will be completed by 2028. The cost is estimated to be around four million euros. According to local sources, several companies have already been contacted, and surveys are currently being carried out.
The project was delayed for years because funding had not been approved. "The bridge should have been repaired a decade ago," a resident said. "Many problems were ignored and warnings were not listened to."
The council is said to have secured new funding. Once the work has been finished, the bridge will be reopened to pedestrians. Local businesses are expected to benefit, and the area is going to be redeveloped.
Traducción (resumen): El viejo puente Riverside será finalmente restaurado, ha anunciado el ayuntamiento. La estructura, construida en 1887, ha estado cerrada al tráfico desde 2019, cuando se descubrieron daños graves. Se cree que las obras se completarán para 2028; el coste se estima en unos cuatro millones. Se han contactado varias empresas y se están realizando estudios. El proyecto se retrasó porque no se había aprobado la financiación. Se dice que el ayuntamiento ha conseguido fondos nuevos. Una vez terminadas las obras, el puente se reabrirá a peatones.
Análisis: observa cómo el reportaje encadena: pasado simple pasivo (was built), presente perfecto pasivo (has been closed, have been contacted), presente continuo pasivo (are being carried out), futuro pasivo (will be restored, will be reopened), pasado perfecto pasivo (had not been approved), modal perfecto pasivo (should have been repaired), pasiva impersonal (It is believed that…, is said to have…), phrasal pasivo (were not listened to). Eso es pasiva de nivel B2 alto.
Estructura del reportaje
| Sección | Función | Lenguaje pasivo típico |
|---|---|---|
| Headline (titular) | Resumir en pocas palabras | X to be restored / X has been cancelled |
| Lead (entradilla) | Qué/quién/cuándo/dónde | It has been announced that… |
| Body (cuerpo) | Hechos, fuentes, contexto | was built / is being investigated / is said to |
| Background | Por qué llegamos aquí | had not been approved / was delayed |
| Outlook (cierre) | Qué pasará | will be reopened / is expected to |
Vocabulario clave
| English | Pronunciación aprox. | Español |
|---|---|---|
| headline | hédlain | titular |
| lead / opening | liid / óupening | entradilla |
| according to | acórding tu | según |
| sources | sórsis | fuentes |
| to announce | tu anáuns | anunciar |
| to confirm | tu confírm | confirmar |
| to investigate | tu invéstigueit | investigar |
| to estimate | tu éstimeit | estimar |
| to be funded | tu bi fándid | ser financiado |
| to be delayed | tu bi diléid | ser retrasado |
| to be carried out | tu bi cárid áut | ser llevado a cabo |
| to be reopened | tu bi rióupend | ser reabierto |
| neglect | nigléct | abandono, desatención |
| officials | ofíshals | autoridades |
| to be expected to | tu bi ikspéktid tu | esperarse que |
Errores comunes del hispanohablante en reportajes
- ❌ Is announced that the bridge will close. → ✓ It is announced that… / The bridge is announced to…
- ❌ Mezclar tiempos sin lógica: was built and is closed since 2019 → ✓ was built… and has been closed since 2019.
- ❌ The warnings were not listened. → ✓ ...were not listened to.
- ❌ should be repaired ten years ago → ✓ should have been repaired ten years ago.
- ❌ It is said the council has secure funding. → ✓ ...has secured funding. / The council is said to have secured funding.
✍️ Ejercicios (60 min)
Bloque 1 — Pon el titular en estilo periodístico pasivo (8 min)
- (cancel) The festival ______ .
- (restore) The cathedral ______ .
- (arrest) Three suspects ______ .
- (build) A new hospital ______ .
Bloque 2 — Completa el reportaje (tiempos pasivos) (12 min)
- The library ______ (build) in 1950 and ______ (close) since last year.
- It ______ (believe) that the work ______ (finish) by 2027.
- The cost ______ (estimate) to be two million.
- Several firms ______ (already / contact).
- The project ______ (delay) because funding ______ (not / approve).
Bloque 3 — Reescribe usando pasiva impersonal (10 min)
- People say that the mayor will resign.
- Experts believe the bridge is unsafe.
- Sources report that funding has been approved.
Bloque 4 — Traducción Español → Inglés (12 min)
- Se ha anunciado que el puente será restaurado.
- Los daños se descubrieron en 2019.
- Se cree que las obras se completarán para 2028.
- La financiación no había sido aprobada.
- El puente debería haber sido reparado hace años.
Bloque 5 — Corrige los errores (8 min)
- Is announced that the road will close.
- The warnings were not listened.
- It is said the council has secure funding.
- The bridge should be repaired ten years ago.
Bloque 6 — Esquema del proyecto (10 min)
Elige tu tema (ver Reto) y escribe: titular + entradilla + 4 ideas para el cuerpo, ya en pasiva.
Ver soluciones
B1: 1. The festival has been cancelled. · 2. The cathedral is to be restored / will be restored. · 3. Three suspects have been arrested. · 4. A new hospital is to be built.
B2: 1. was built / has been closed · 2. is believed / will be finished/completed · 3. is estimated · 4. have already been contacted · 5. was delayed / had not been approved
B3: 1. It is said that the mayor will resign. / The mayor is said to be going to resign. · 2. It is believed that the bridge is unsafe. / The bridge is believed to be unsafe. · 3. It is reported that funding has been approved. / Funding is reported to have been approved.
B4: 1. It has been announced that the bridge will be restored. · 2. The damage was discovered in 2019. · 3. It is believed that the work will be completed by 2028. · 4. The funding had not been approved. · 5. The bridge should have been repaired years ago.
B5: 1. It is announced that… · 2. ...were not listened to. · 3. ...council has secured funding (o is said to have secured). · 4. ...should have been repaired ten years ago.
B6: Respuesta libre. Verifica titular pasivo + entradilla con It has been… + ideas en pasiva.
🚀 Reto del día (60 min) — PROYECTO
"Investigative report" — reportaje de investigación (proyecto de la semana).
Elige un tema (real o inventado): la restauración de un monumento, el cierre de una fábrica, un descubrimiento científico, un escándalo, una reforma urbana.
Pasos:
- Estructura: titular + entradilla + cuerpo (2–3 párrafos) + cierre.
- Escribe un reportaje de 220–300 palabras que incluya:
- Un titular en estilo pasivo periodístico.
- Mínimo 12 pasivas abarcando al menos 6 formas distintas (presente, pasado, perfecto, futuro, continuo, modal perfecto).
- Al menos 2 estructuras impersonales (It is said/believed that… / X is reported to have…).
- Al menos 1 phrasal verb pasivo y 1 causativa (has had X done).
- Fuentes ("according to…", "officials say…").
- Grábate presentándolo como reportero (3–4 min), con entonación profesional.
- Revisa con la rúbrica y produce una versión corregida.
Rúbrica de autoevaluación (0–10):
- Variedad y corrección de formas pasivas (≥6 formas): 0–4
- Estructuras impersonales bien usadas: 0–2
- Phrasal pasivo + causativa integrados: 0–2
- Estructura periodística clara (titular/lead/cuerpo/cierre): 0–1
- Fluidez y registro en la grabación: 0–1
✅ Quiz (~15 min)
- Titular pasivo de "they will restore the bridge": ______
- It ______ that the work will finish by 2028. (believe)
- Corrige: The warnings were not listened.
- The bridge should ______ repaired years ago. (modal perfecto pasivo)
- Pasiva impersonal: Sources report that funding has been approved.
- Traduce: "Los daños se descubrieron en 2019."
- ¿Qué tiempo pasivo: has been closed since 2019?
- Causativa: "El ayuntamiento ha mandado inspeccionar el puente."
- Traduce el titular: "Three suspects have been arrested."
- ¿Por qué la pasiva es ideal para reportajes?
Ver respuestas
- The bridge will be restored. / The bridge is to be restored. 2. is believed. 3. ...were not listened to. 4. ...should have been repaired… 5. It is reported that funding has been approved. 6. The damage was discovered in 2019. 7. Presente perfecto pasivo. 8. The council has had the bridge inspected. 9. Tres sospechosos han sido detenidos. 10. Porque permite centrarse en los hechos/acciones sin nombrar (o sin conocer) al agente, y aporta tono formal y objetivo.
📚 Recursos
- BBC News / Reuters: lee 2 reportajes y subraya todas las pasivas.
- BBC Learning English – News review (pasiva en titulares reales).
- British Council: "Writing a news report".
- Cambridge Dictionary: vocabulario periodístico (announce, estimate, carry out).
⏭️ Siguiente
Mañana cerramos la Semana 38 con un repaso integrador de toda la pasiva avanzada (perfectos, impersonal, causativa, phrasal). ¡Consolidamos antes de avanzar al estilo indirecto completo!
Quiz
Q Which is a correct passive headline for "they will restore the bridge"?
* The bridge will be restored.
- The bridge will restore.
- The bridge is restored will.
Q Complete: "It ______ that the work will finish by 2028."
* is believed
- believes
- is believing
Q Correct the modal perfect passive: "The bridge should ______ repaired years ago."
* have been
- been
- be
Q What tense is "has been closed since 2019"?
* Present perfect passive
- Past simple passive
- Future passive