Día 264 · Pasiva de phrasal verbs y la causativa (have/get something done)

⏱️ Duración total: ~3 h 15 min — Clase 60 min · Ejercicios 60 min · Reto 60 min · Quiz ~15 min. Puedes dividirlo en varias sesiones el mismo día.

🎯 Objetivo del día

Al terminar pasivizarás verbos con preposición y phrasal verbs (was looked after, is dealt with).
Dominarás la estructura causativa: have/get + something + participio.
Distinguirás I cleaned my car de I had my car cleaned.
Usarás get causativo informal y have something done en pasado/perfecto.
Manejarás have someone do vs. have something done.

📖 Clase (60 min)

Introducción y contexto

Cerramos la gramática avanzada de la pasiva con dos joyas muy útiles en la vida real:

Pasiva de phrasal/prepositional verbs: la preposición se queda pegada al verbo. Someone looked after the baby → The baby was looked after.
La causativa (have/get something done): cuando otra persona hace algo para ti (pagas/encargas). I had my hair cut. (No me lo corté yo: me lo cortaron.)

Esta última es altísimamente frecuente: peluquería, taller, dentista, reformas, reparaciones. Sin ella suenas raro: I cut my hair significa "yo mismo me corté el pelo".

Explicación detallada (regla por regla)

Regla 1 — Phrasal/prepositional verbs en pasiva. La preposición/partícula no se separa: va justo tras el participio.

They looked after the children. → The children were looked after.
Someone broke into the house. → The house was broken into.
We must deal with this problem. → This problem must be dealt with.
They have called off the meeting. → The meeting has been called off.
Nobody listens to him. → He is not listened to.

⚠️ No olvides la preposición final. Error típico: ❌ The baby was looked. → ✓ ...was looked after.

Regla 2 — La causativa: have something done. Significa "hacer que algo sea hecho (por otro, normalmente pagando o encargando)".

have + objeto + participio pasado

I had my car repaired. (Mandé reparar mi coche.)
She has her house painted every year.
We had the photos printed.

Compara: I repaired my car (yo mismo) vs. I had my car repaired (un mecánico, por mí).

Regla 3 — La causativa con get (informal). Mismo significado, registro más coloquial:

get + objeto + participio pasado

I got my hair cut. = I had my hair cut.
You should get your eyes tested.

Regla 4 — Causativa en todos los tiempos. Conjugas have/get, no el participio:

Presente: I have my car serviced every year.
Pasado: I had it serviced last week.
Perfecto: I've had* it serviced.*
Futuro: I'll have* it serviced.*
Modal: I must have it serviced.
Continuo: I'm having* the kitchen redone.*

Regla 5 — Sentido de "experiencia negativa". have/get something done también expresa algo que te pasa (no lo encargas, lo sufres):

He had his wallet stolen. (Le robaron la cartera.)
She had her flight cancelled.

Regla 6 — have someone do (causativa activa, no confundir).

I had the mechanic repair my car. (hice que el mecánico lo reparara — verbo en infinitivo sin to, persona explícita)
I got the mechanic to repair my car. (con get → to + infinitivo)
vs. I had my car repaired. (foco en la cosa, participio)

Vocabulario clave

English	Pronunciación aprox.	Español
to look after	tu luk áfter	cuidar de
to deal with	tu diil uíd	ocuparse de, tratar
to break into	tu bréik íntu	entrar a la fuerza (robo)
to call off	tu col of	cancelar
to put off	tu put of	posponer
to look into	tu luk íntu	investigar
to carry out	tu cári áut	llevar a cabo
to have something done	tu hav sámzing dan	mandar hacer algo
to get something done	tu guet sámzing dan	mandar hacer algo (informal)
to have your hair cut	tu hav yor hér cat	cortarse el pelo (en peluquería)
to have a tooth taken out	tu hav a tuuz téikn áut	que te saquen una muela
to get your car serviced	tu guet yor car sérvist	hacer la revisión del coche
mechanic	mecánic	mecánico
plumber	plámer	fontanero
to be looked after	tu bi lukt áfter	ser cuidado

Gramática a fondo

Estructura	Significado	Ejemplo
Pasiva de phrasal	partícula tras participio	The meeting was called off.
have sth done	encargar (pagar/pedir)	I had my car washed.
get sth done (informal)	igual, coloquial	I got my hair cut.
have sth done (sufrido)	algo te ocurre	He had his bike stolen.
have sb do sth	hacer que alguien haga	I had John fix* it.*
get sb to do sth	conseguir que alguien haga	I got John to fix* it.*

Pronunciación y notas de uso

En la pasiva de phrasal, la preposición final va átona pero no desaparece: was looked áfter, is dealt wíd. En la causativa, el orden es fijo: have + COSA + participio (la cosa va en medio). En habla rápida had my hair cut → "hadmaihércat". Get something done es muy común en inglés hablado cotidiano.

Errores comunes del hispanohablante

❌ The baby was looked. → ✓ The baby was looked after.
❌ This problem must be dealt. → ✓ ...must be dealt with.
❌ I cut my hair yesterday. (querías decir en la pelu) → ✓ I had my hair cut yesterday.
❌ I had cut my hair. (suena a pasado perfecto) → ✓ I had my hair cut. (orden: have + cosa + participio)
❌ I had repaired my car. (causativa) → ✓ I had my car repaired.
❌ She got cut her hair. → ✓ She got her hair cut.

Mini-diálogo de ejemplo

A: You look different! Did you change something? B: Yes, I had my hair cut and I got my glasses fixed. A: Nice! And your car? B: Ugh — it was broken into last week. I had the window replaced. A: That's awful. Was the problem dealt with? B: The police are looking into it. I'm also getting an alarm installed.

Traducción: —¡Te ves diferente! ¿Cambiaste algo? —Sí, me corté el pelo (en la pelu) y me arreglaron las gafas. —¡Qué bien! ¿Y tu coche? —Uf, entraron a robar la semana pasada. Mandé cambiar la ventanilla. —Qué horror. ¿Se ha resuelto el problema? —La policía lo está investigando. También voy a poner una alarma.

✍️ Ejercicios (60 min)

Bloque 1 — Pasiva de phrasal verbs (10 min)

Someone broke into the office. → The office ______.
They called off the match. → The match ______.
We must deal with this. → This ______.
Nobody looked after the dog. → The dog ______.
They are looking into the case. → The case ______.

Bloque 2 — Causativa: reescribe con have something done (12 min)

A hairdresser cut my hair. → I ______.
A mechanic is repairing my car. → I ______.
A painter painted their house last year. → They ______.
A dentist will take out his tooth. → He ______.
Someone has cleaned our windows. → We ______.

Bloque 3 — have/get + cosa + participio: ¿correcto? Corrige (8 min)

I had cut my hair yesterday.
She got cut her nails.
We had repaired the roof. (causativa)
He had stolen his phone. (le robaron)

Bloque 4 — ¿Causativa "encargada" o "sufrida"? Traduce (10 min)

Me corté el pelo (en la peluquería).
Le robaron la cartera.
Vamos a reformar la cocina (que nos la reformen).
Le cancelaron el vuelo.
Deberías hacerte revisar la vista.

Bloque 5 — Traducción Español → Inglés (12 min)

El problema debe ser resuelto.
La reunión fue cancelada.
Mandé arreglar mi coche la semana pasada.
El bebé fue bien cuidado.
Voy a poner una alarma (que me la instalen).

Bloque 6 — Producción escrita (8 min)

Escribe 6 frases sobre cosas que mandas hacer (peluquería, taller, dentista, casa) usando have/get something done en distintos tiempos.

Ver soluciones

B1: 1. ...was broken into. · 2. ...was called off. · 3. ...must be dealt with. · 4. ...wasn't looked after. · 5. ...is being looked into.

B2: 1. I had my hair cut. · 2. I am having my car repaired. · 3. They had their house painted last year. · 4. He will have his tooth taken out. · 5. We have had our windows cleaned.

B3: 1. I had my hair cut yesterday. · 2. She got her nails cut/done. · 3. We had the roof repaired. · 4. He had his phone stolen.

B4: 1. I had my hair cut. · 2. He had his wallet stolen. · 3. We're going to have the kitchen redone. · 4. He had his flight cancelled. · 5. You should get your eyes tested.

B5: 1. The problem must be dealt with / solved. · 2. The meeting was called off / cancelled. · 3. I had my car repaired last week. · 4. The baby was well looked after. · 5. I'm going to have an alarm installed.

B6: Respuesta libre. Verifica orden have/get + cosa + participio y tiempos variados.

🚀 Reto del día (60 min)

"Things I get done / a busy week" — relato personal.

Escribe un texto de 10–12 frases sobre una semana en la que mandas hacer muchas cosas y te ocurren otras: peluquería, taller, dentista, reforma, un robo, una cancelación.
Usa mínimo 6 causativas (have/get something done) en distintos tiempos y 2 pasivas de phrasal verbs (was called off, is being looked into).
Grábate contándolo de forma natural (3 min).
Subraya y etiqueta: causativa encargada / causativa sufrida / phrasal pasivo.

Rúbrica de autoevaluación (0–10):

Causativa correcta (have/get + cosa + participio): 0–4
Pasiva de phrasal verbs (partícula incluida): 0–2
Variedad de tiempos: 0–2
Naturalidad y fluidez: 0–2

✅ Quiz (~15 min)

The meeting was called ______. (partícula)
Reescribe: A hairdresser cut my hair. → causativa.
¿Qué significa I had my car repaired?
Corrige: I had cut my hair yesterday. (en la pelu)
This problem must be dealt ______. (partícula)
Traduce: "Le robaron la cartera."
Causativa informal de have: ______
The dog was looked ______. (partícula)
Traduce: "Voy a mandar pintar la casa."
Diferencia entre I cleaned my car y I had my car cleaned.

Ver respuestas

off. 2. I had my hair cut. 3. Que otra persona (un mecánico) reparó el coche por ti / lo mandaste reparar. 4. I had my hair cut yesterday. 5. with. 6. He had his wallet stolen. 7. get (get something done). 8. after. 9. I'm going to have the house painted. 10. I cleaned my car = lo limpié yo; I had my car cleaned = me lo limpiaron / lo mandé limpiar.

📚 Recursos

BBC Learning English – The causative: have/get something done.
British Council: "Passive with phrasal verbs".
Perfect English Grammar: causative + phrasal passive exercises.
Cambridge Dictionary: have something done, deal with, look after.

⏭️ Siguiente

Mañana es día de proyecto: redactarás y presentarás un reportaje/proceso completo integrando toda la pasiva avanzada de la semana. ¡La recta final del bloque!

Quiz

Q Complete the phrasal passive: "The meeting was called ______."
* off
- on
- away

Q Rewrite with a causative: "A hairdresser cut my hair."
* I had my hair cut.
- I had cut my hair.
- I cut my hair.

Q What does "I had my car repaired" mean?
* Someone else repaired the car for me.
- I repaired the car myself.
- My car repaired something.

Q Complete the phrasal passive: "This problem must be dealt ______."
* with
- after
- off