Día 261 · Pasiva en pasado perfecto y futuro perfecto

⏱️ Duración total: ~3 h 15 min — Clase 60 min · Ejercicios 60 min · Reto 60 min · Quiz ~15 min. Puedes dividirlo en varias sesiones el mismo día.

🎯 Objetivo del día

• Al terminar formarás la pasiva en pasado perfecto (had been + participio).
• Formarás la pasiva en futuro perfecto (will have been + participio).
• Narrarás el "pasado anterior a otro pasado" en pasiva.
• Proyectarás resultados futuros completados (by 2030, it will have been built).
• Completarás el cuadro de todos los tiempos pasivos.

📖 Clase (60 min)

Introducción y contexto

Hoy completas el cuadro de tiempos pasivos con los dos perfectos restantes. Son menos frecuentes en conversación pero muy presentes en narración formal, informes, biografías e historia: By the time we arrived, the decision had already been made. / By 2040, the project will have been completed.

La lógica sigue intacta: TO BE + participio. Solo cambia la forma de be: aquí es been, precedido de had (pasado perfecto) o will have (futuro perfecto).

Explicación detallada (regla por regla)

Regla 1 — Pasado perfecto pasivo. Activo: had + participio (They had finished it). Pasivo:

had + been + participio pasado

• Activa: They had built the house before 1990. → Pasiva: The house had been built before 1990.
• When I arrived, the meeting had already been cancelled.
• The thief had been caught before the police came.

Uso: una acción completada antes de otro momento o acción del pasado (el "pasado del pasado").

Regla 2 — Negativa e interrogativa (pasado perfecto).

• Negativa: The report had not been finished when the boss arrived. (hadn't been)
• Pregunta: Had the email been sent before the system crashed?

Regla 3 — Futuro perfecto pasivo. Activo: will have + participio (They will have finished it). Pasivo:

will have + been + participio pasado

• By next month, the bridge will have been completed.
• By 2030, millions of homes will have been built.
• In a week, everything will have been delivered.

Uso: una acción que estará completada antes de un momento futuro (a menudo con by + tiempo).

Regla 4 — Negativa e interrogativa (futuro perfecto).

• Negativa: It won't have been finished by Friday.
• Pregunta: Will it have been finished by then?

Regla 5 — Cuadro COMPLETO de tiempos pasivos. (Memorízalo: es la columna vertebral de B2.)

Vocabulario clave

Gramática a fondo

Pronunciación y notas de uso

had been → "hadbin"; contraído 'd been → "dbin" (The work'd been done). will have been → en habla rápida "wiləvbin" o 'll have been. El pasado perfecto pasivo aparece mucho con marcadores como by the time, before, when, already, never (before). El futuro perfecto pasivo casi siempre lleva by + momento futuro.

Errores comunes del hispanohablante

• ❌ The house had built before 1990. (sentido pasivo) → ✓ ...had been built...
• ❌ It had be done. → ✓ It had been done.
• ❌ It had being done. → ✓ It had been done. (been, no being)
• ❌ It will be been finished. → ✓ It will have been finished.
• ❌ By 2030 the bridge will built. → ✓ ...will have been built.
• ❌ Had been the email sent? → ✓ Had the email been sent? (orden)

Mini-diálogo de ejemplo

Inspector: When you arrived, had the documents been destroyed? Witness: Yes. They had already been shredded before I got there. Inspector: And the safe? Witness: It had been opened, but nothing had been taken. Inspector: By next week, the case will have been closed? Detective: Yes. By Friday, all suspects will have been questioned.

Traducción: —Cuando llegó, ¿se habían destruido los documentos? —Sí. Ya habían sido triturados antes de que yo llegara. —¿Y la caja fuerte? —Había sido abierta, pero no se había llevado nada. —¿Para la próxima semana se habrá cerrado el caso? —Sí. Para el viernes, todos los sospechosos habrán sido interrogados.

✍️ Ejercicios (60 min)

Bloque 1 — Completa (pasado/futuro perfecto pasivo) (10 min)

1. When we arrived, the food ______ (already / eat).
2. By 2025, the road ______ (complete).
3. The letter ______ (not / send) before he left.
4. ______ the report ______ (finish) when the boss called?
5. By next month, all rooms ______ (renovate).

Bloque 2 — Activa → pasiva (pasado perfecto) (12 min)

1. They had built the bridge before the war.
2. Someone had stolen the painting.
3. They hadn't announced the results.
4. The team had completed the project.
5. Had they cancelled the flight?

Bloque 3 — Activa → pasiva (futuro perfecto) (10 min)

1. They will have finished the work by Friday.
2. By 2030, they will have planted a million trees.
3. The company won't have launched the product by then.
4. Will they have repaired the road by Monday?

Bloque 4 — Traducción Español → Inglés (12 min)

1. Cuando llegué, la reunión ya había sido cancelada.
2. El cuadro había sido robado antes de la fiesta.
3. Para 2030, el puente habrá sido construido.
4. El informe no había sido terminado.
5. Para entonces, todo habrá sido entregado.

Bloque 5 — Corrige (8 min)

1. The house had built before 1990.
2. It will be been finished by May.
3. The email had being sent.
4. By 2025 the road will completed.

Bloque 6 — Producción escrita (8 min)

Escribe 5 frases sobre tu vida o tu trabajo: 3 con pasado perfecto pasivo y 2 con futuro perfecto pasivo.

🚀 Reto del día (60 min)

"Before and after" — relato + proyección.

1. Parte A (pasado perfecto pasivo): cuenta una situación donde "al llegar/cuando pasó X, ya se habían hecho varias cosas". 6 frases. Ej.: When I got home, the door had been forced and my laptop had been taken…
2. Parte B (futuro perfecto pasivo): proyecta un plan o meta con by + fecha. 5 frases. Ej.: By 2030, the city centre will have been pedestrianized…
3. Grábate narrando ambas partes (3 min).
4. Subraya cada had been / will have been + participio y verifica.

Rúbrica de autoevaluación (0–10):

• Pasado perfecto pasivo correcto: 0–3
• Futuro perfecto pasivo correcto: 0–3
• Marcadores temporales (by, before, already): 0–2
• Coherencia narrativa y fluidez: 0–2

✅ Quiz (~15 min)

1. When we arrived, the food ______. a) had eaten b) had been eaten c) had being eaten
2. Pasa a pasiva: They had built it before 1990.
3. By 2030, the bridge ______ (complete).
4. Corrige: It will be been finished.
5. ¿been o being en had ___ done?
6. Traduce: "La reunión ya había sido cancelada."
7. Negativa: The report had been finished. → ?
8. Estructura del futuro perfecto pasivo: will + ___ + ___ + participio.
9. Traduce: "Para entonces todo habrá sido entregado."
10. ¿Qué expresa el pasado perfecto pasivo?

📚 Recursos

• BBC Learning English – Past perfect & future perfect passive.
• British Council: "Perfect passive forms" exercises.
• Perfect English Grammar: mixed perfect passive worksheet.
• Cambridge Dictionary: had been done / will have been done ejemplos.

⏭️ Siguiente

Mañana: pasiva con infinitivo y gerundio (It needs to be done, I hate being told what to do) — estructuras avanzadas muy naturales en inglés hablado.

Quiz

Q Choose the past perfect passive: "When we arrived, the food ______."
* had been eaten
- had eaten
- had being eaten

Q What is the structure of the future perfect passive?
* will have been + past participle
- will be been + past participle
- will have being + past participle

Q Correct this: "By 2030, the bridge will built."
* By 2030, the bridge will have been built.
- By 2030, the bridge will been built.
- By 2030, the bridge will be build.

Q What does the past perfect passive express?
* An action completed before another past moment
- A habit happening every day
- An action still happening now