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Día 245 · Repaso Semana 35 — Estilo indirecto

⏱️ Duración total: ~3 h 15 min — Clase 60 min · Ejercicios 60 min · Reto 60 min · Quiz ~15 min. Puedes dividirlo en varias sesiones el mismo día.

🎯 Objetivo del día

📖 Clase (60 min)

Introducción y contexto

Llegas al final de la Semana 35. Has construido un sistema completo: sabes reportar lo que la gente afirma, pregunta y ordena, con verbos ricos y backshift. Hoy aplicamos repetición espaciada: revisamos el mapa completo, repasamos los errores típicos y los fijamos con práctica intensiva. No es contenido nuevo; es automatización: que el estilo indirecto te salga sin pensar.

El estilo indirecto es la base de la Semana 36, donde aprenderás a opinar y argumentar con conectores. Reportar opiniones (He argued that..., She pointed out that...) usa exactamente lo de esta semana. Déjalo firme hoy.

Mapa mental del estilo indirecto (lo que debes dominar)

1. Afirmaciones: verbo introductorio + (that) + backshift.

2. Preguntas:

3. Órdenes/peticiones: tell/ask/advise/warn/remind + persona + (not) to + infinitivo.

Backshift: present→past · present continuous→past continuous · present perfect/past→past perfect · will→would · can→could · may→might · must→had to.

Cambios: now→then · today→that day · tonight→that night · tomorrow→the next day · yesterday→the day before · here→there · this→that · these→those · ago→before.

Tabla resumen integradora

Directo Reportado
"I am tired." He said he was tired.
"I have finished." She said she had finished.
"I will help." He promised he would help.
"Do you like it?" She asked if I liked it.
"Where do you live?" He asked where I lived.
"Have you eaten?" She asked if I had eaten.
"Close the door." He told me to close the door.
"Don't be late." She told me not to be late.
"Please help me." He asked me to help him.

Vocabulario clave (repaso integrador)

English Pronunciación aprox. Español
to say tu séi decir
to tell tu tel decir (a alguien)
to ask tu ask preguntar / pedir
to explain tu ikspléin explicar
to admit tu admít admitir
to deny tu dinái negar
to promise tu prómis prometer
to advise tu adváiz aconsejar
to remind tu rimáind recordar (a alguien)
to warn tu uórn advertir
to confirm tu konférm confirmar
to suggest tu sayést sugerir
if / whether if / uéder si (pregunta indirecta)
backshift bákshift retroceso de tiempo
reported speech ripórted spíich estilo indirecto
the previous day de príviuos déi el día anterior

Errores clave a no repetir (Semana 36 empieza limpia)

Mini-diálogo de repaso (integrador)

A: Did you talk to the landlord? (¿Hablaste con el casero?) B: Yes. He told me that the rent would rise next month and explained that the heating had been repaired. (Sí. Me dijo que el alquiler subiría el mes que viene y explicó que la calefacción había sido reparada.) A: Did you ask about the deposit? (¿Preguntaste por la fianza?) B: I asked him whether I would get it back, and he promised that he would return it. He also reminded me to sign the new contract and told me not to be late with payments. (Le pregunté si la recuperaría, y prometió que la devolvería. También me recordó que firmara el nuevo contrato y me dijo que no me retrasara con los pagos.)

✍️ Ejercicios (60 min)

Bloque 1 — say/tell/ask correcto (8 min)

  1. He ___ me that he was tired.
  2. She ___ that she liked it.
  3. He ___ me to wait.
  4. They ___ us a story.
  5. She ___ if I was free.
  6. He ___ to me that it was late.

Bloque 2 — Reporta (tipo correcto) (12 min)

  1. "I am happy." (she said)
  2. "Where is the key?" (he asked)
  3. "Don't touch it." (she told me)
  4. "Have you finished?" (he asked)
  5. "Please call me." (she asked)
  6. "I will come." (he promised)

Bloque 3 — Backshift y cambios (10 min)

  1. "I saw it yesterday." → He said he ___ it ___.
  2. "I will do it tomorrow." → She said she ___ it ___.
  3. "I am here now." → He said he ___ ___ ___.
  4. "I have lost this." → She said she ___ ___.

Bloque 4 — Traducción Español → Inglés (12 min)

  1. Me dijo que estaba ocupado.
  2. Me preguntó dónde vivía.
  3. Me dijo que no llegara tarde.
  4. Prometió que ayudaría.
  5. Me preguntó si había terminado.
  6. El portavoz confirmó que el proyecto continuaría.

Bloque 5 — Corrige los errores (8 min)

  1. He said me he was busy.
  2. She asked where do I work.
  3. He told me don't move.
  4. She said she is tired.
  5. He suggested me to leave.

Bloque 6 — Producción escrita (10 min)

Reporta una conversación real de esta semana: 12 frases con afirmaciones, preguntas y órdenes, mínimo 5 verbos introductorios distintos.

Ver soluciones

B1: 1. told · 2. said · 3. told/asked · 4. told · 5. asked · 6. said B2: 1. She said she was happy. 2. He asked where the key was. 3. She told me not to touch it. 4. He asked if I had finished. 5. She asked me to call her. 6. He promised he would come. B3: 1. had seen / the day before · 2. would do / the next day · 3. was there then · 4. had lost that B4: 1. He/She told me he/she was busy. 2. He/She asked me where I lived. 3. He/She told me not to be late. 4. He/She promised he/she would help. 5. He/She asked me if I had finished. 6. The spokesperson confirmed (that) the project would continue. B5: 1. He told me he was busy. 2. She asked where I worked. 3. He told me not to move. 4. She said she was tired. 5. He suggested leaving / that I leave. B6: Respuesta libre.

🚀 Reto del día (60 min)

"Weekly news bulletin" — boletín de la semana en estilo indirecto.

  1. Recopila 5 cosas reales que distintas personas te dijeron, preguntaron o pidieron esta semana. (10 min)
  2. Conviértelas en un boletín de noticias personal (15–18 frases) en estilo indirecto, con titulares, conectores narrativos y verbos introductorios variados. (25 min)
  3. Revisa con repetición espaciada: corrige todos los errores clave de la lista. (10 min)
  4. Grábate (2–3 min) presentándolo como un noticiero. (10 min)
  5. Autoevalúate. (5 min)

Rúbrica (0–10):

✅ Quiz (~15 min)

  1. Diferencia clave say / tell = ?
  2. "Do you like it?" → He asked ___ I liked it.
  3. "Where do you live?" → She asked where I ___.
  4. "Don't shout." → He told me ___ shout.
  5. will en backshift → ?
  6. tomorrow (reportado) → ?
  7. Corrige: He said me he was tired.
  8. Corrige: She asked if was I ready.
  9. Verbo introductorio para "negar" = ?
  10. "I have finished" → He said he ___.
Ver respuestas
  1. tell lleva objeto de persona obligatorio; say no. 2. if/whether. 3. lived. 4. not to. 5. would. 6. the next day / the following day. 7. He told me he was tired / He said he was tired. 8. She asked if I was ready. 9. deny (denied). 10. had finished.

📚 Recursos

⏭️ Siguiente

¡Semana completada! La próxima semana das un salto comunicativo enorme: opinión y conectores (because, so, although, however, in my opinion...) — aprenderás a argumentar y debatir con fluidez en inglés.

Quiz

Q Diferencia clave entre *say* y *tell*:
* *tell* lleva objeto de persona obligatorio; *say* no.
- *say* lleva objeto de persona obligatorio; *tell* no.
- Ninguna: son siempre intercambiables.

Q *"Where do you live?"* → She asked where I ___.
* lived
- live
- did live

Q *"I have finished."* → He said he ___.
* had finished
- has finished
- have finished

Q Verbo introductorio para "negar":
* deny
- admit
- promise
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