Día 95 · Pasado simple: preguntas con Did…? y WH
⏱️ Duración total: ~3 h 15 min — Clase 60 min · Ejercicios 60 min · Reto 60 min · Quiz ~15 min. Puedes dividirlo en varias sesiones el mismo día.
🎯 Objetivo del día
Al terminar podrás:
- Formar preguntas yes/no en pasado simple con Did + sujeto + verbo base.
- Responder con short answers (Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.).
- Hacer preguntas WH en pasado (What did you do? Where did you go?).
- Mantener un intercambio fluido de preguntas y respuestas sobre el pasado.
📖 Clase (60 min)
Introducción y contexto
Ya sabes afirmar (I worked) y negar (I didn't work). Hoy cierras el círculo con la pregunta, la herramienta que mueve cualquier conversación. Igual que en el negativo, la pregunta del pasado simple usa el auxiliar did, y otra vez el verbo principal vuelve a su forma base (sin -ed). Did you work? — nunca ✗ Did you worked?. La fórmula "What did you do?" (¿qué hiciste?) será una de las preguntas más usadas de tu vida en inglés.
Explicación detallada (regla por regla)
1. Pregunta yes/no: Did + sujeto + verbo BASE + …?
Did + sujeto + verbo (base, SIN -ed) + (resto) + ?
- Did you work yesterday? (¿Trabajaste ayer?)
- Did she study? (¿Estudió?)
- Did they arrive on time? (¿Llegaron a tiempo?)
- Did he go to the party? (¿Fue a la fiesta?) — irregular, igual regla.
2. Did es igual para todas las personas: Did I/you/he/she/it/we/they…? (no ✗ Does he… in the past).
3. Short answers: Yes/No + sujeto + did / didn't.
| Pregunta | Sí | No |
|---|---|---|
| Did you work? | Yes, I did. | No, I didn't. |
| Did she go? | Yes, she did. | No, she didn't. |
| Did they call? | Yes, they did. | No, they didn't. |
¡Ojo! En la short answer NO se repite el verbo: ✓ Yes, I did. — ✗ Yes, I did work. (eso sería enfático).
4. Preguntas WH: WH + did + sujeto + verbo base?
WH + did + sujeto + verbo base + ?
- What did you do? (¿Qué hiciste?)
- Where did they go? (¿Adónde fueron?)
- When did she arrive? (¿Cuándo llegó?)
- Why did he leave? (¿Por qué se fue?)
- How did you travel? (¿Cómo viajaste?)
5. Caso especial: Who/What como SUJETO → sin did, verbo en pasado.
Cuando Who/What es el sujeto, NO se usa did y el verbo va en pasado:
- Who called you? (¿Quién te llamó?) — no ✗ Who did call you?
- What happened? (¿Qué pasó?) — no ✗ What did happen?
Compara: What did you do? (you = sujeto, do objeto) vs. What happened? (what = sujeto).
6. Responder a WH = frase completa:
- What did you do? → I watched a film. (no Yes, I did.)
- Where did you go? → I went to the beach.
Vocabulario clave
| English | Pronunciación aprox. | Español |
|---|---|---|
| Did…? | did | ¿(auxiliar pasado)? |
| What did you do? | uát did yu du | ¿qué hiciste? |
| Where did you go? | uér did yu góu | ¿adónde fuiste? |
| When | uén | ¿cuándo? |
| Why | uái | ¿por qué? |
| How | jáu | ¿cómo? |
| Who | ju | ¿quién? |
| happen | jápen | suceder / pasar |
| leave (left) | liv (left) | irse / salir |
| meet (met) | mit (met) | conocer / quedar |
| buy (bought) | bái (bot) | comprar |
| get (got) | guet (got) | conseguir / llegar a |
| do (did/done) | du (did) | hacer |
| spend | spend | pasar (tiempo) / gastar |
| last weekend | last uíkend | el fin de semana pasado |
Gramática a fondo
Las tres estructuras del pasado simple, juntas:
| Forma | |
|---|---|
| Afirmativo | I worked / I went |
| Negativo | I didn't work / I didn't go |
| Pregunta | Did I work? / Did I go? |
El verbo base aparece en negativo y pregunta (porque did/didn't ya marca el pasado). Solo el afirmativo lleva -ed (o forma irregular).
Orden de la pregunta WH:
| WH | did | sujeto | verbo base | resto |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Where | did | you | go | yesterday? |
| What | did | she | buy | at the shop? |
| Why | did | they | leave | early? |
No usar do/does para el pasado: do/does es presente. El pasado siempre did:
- ✗ Does she went? → ✓ Did she go?
- ✗ Do you worked yesterday? → ✓ Did you work yesterday?
Pronunciación y notas de uso
- Did you en habla rápida suena "dí-yu" o "dí-ʤu" ("díyu"): Did you go? → "díyu góu".
- What did you do? → "uót-di-yu-DÚ" (todo muy ligado, acento en do).
- Las preguntas yes/no suben al final (↗); las WH bajan (↘).
- En la short answer, did/didn't se pronuncia con fuerza: "Yes, I DID."
Errores comunes del hispanohablante
- ✗ Did you worked? → ✓ Did you work?
- ✗ Did she went? → ✓ Did she go?
- ✗ Where you went? → ✓ Where did you go?
- ✗ What did you did? → ✓ What did you do?
- ✗ Does he go yesterday? → ✓ Did he go yesterday?
- ✗ Who did call you? (who = sujeto) → ✓ Who called you?
- ✗ —Did you go? —Yes, I went. (mejor short answer) → ✓ Yes, I did.
- ✗ Did you was there? → ✓ Were you there? (be no usa did.)
Mini-diálogo de ejemplo
A: Did you have a good weekend? What did you do? B: Yes, I did! I went to the mountains with friends. A: Nice! Did you walk a lot? B: Yes, we did. We walked for hours. Where did you go? A: I didn't go anywhere. I stayed home. B: Why? Did you work? A: No, I didn't. I just relaxed and watched films.
Traducción: —¿Tuviste un buen fin de semana? ¿Qué hiciste? —¡Sí! Fui a la montaña con amigos. —¡Qué bien! ¿Caminasteis mucho? —Sí. Caminamos durante horas. ¿Tú adónde fuiste? —No fui a ningún sitio. Me quedé en casa. —¿Por qué? ¿Trabajaste? —No. Solo descansé y vi películas.
✍️ Ejercicios (60 min)
Bloque 1 — Forma la pregunta yes/no (10 min)
- You worked yesterday. → ___
- She studied English. → ___
- They went to the party. → ___
- He visited his family. → ___
- We watched the match. → ___
Bloque 2 — Short answers (8 min)
- Did you work? (+) → ___
- Did she go? (−) → ___
- Did they call? (+) → ___
- Did he study? (−) → ___
- Did you enjoy it? (+) → ___
Bloque 3 — Preguntas WH (10 min)
Forma la pregunta (respuesta subrayada).
- I went to the beach. (Where)
- She bought a dress. (What)
- They left because it was late. (Why)
- He arrived at 9. (When)
- We travelled by train. (How)
Bloque 4 — Who/What sujeto (sin did) (8 min)
- ___ called you? (¿quién?)
- ___ happened? (¿qué?)
- ___ won the game? (¿quién?)
- ___ broke the window? (¿quién?)
- ___ made this cake? (¿quién?)
Bloque 5 — Traducción Español → Inglés (10 min)
- ¿Trabajaste ayer?
- ¿Qué hiciste el fin de semana?
- ¿Adónde fueron?
- ¿Por qué se fue ella temprano?
- ¿Quién te llamó?
Bloque 6 — Corrige el error (8 min)
- Did you worked yesterday?
- Where you went?
- Does she go to the party last night?
- What did you did?
- Who did call you?
Bloque 7 — Producción escrita (6 min)
Escribe 6 preguntas (3 yes/no + 3 WH) para entrevistar a alguien sobre sus últimas vacaciones, con la respuesta que esperas.
Ver soluciones
B1: 1. Did you work yesterday? 2. Did she study English? 3. Did they go to the party? 4. Did he visit his family? 5. Did we watch the match? B2: 1. Yes, I did. 2. No, she didn't. 3. Yes, they did. 4. No, he didn't. 5. Yes, I did. B3: 1. Where did you go? 2. What did she buy? 3. Why did they leave? 4. When did he arrive? 5. How did you travel? B4: 1. Who 2. What 3. Who 4. Who 5. Who B5: 1. Did you work yesterday? 2. What did you do at the weekend? 3. Where did they go? 4. Why did she leave early? 5. Who called you? B6: 1. Did you work yesterday? 2. Where did you go? 3. Did she go to the party last night? 4. What did you do? 5. Who called you? B7: Respuesta libre. Modelo: Did you travel abroad? — Yes, I did. Where did you go? — I went to Italy. Did you like the food? — Yes, I did. How did you travel? — By plane. Who did you go with? — My family. Why did you choose Italy? — Because of the history.
🚀 Reto del día (60 min)
"Holiday interview" — Entrevista grabada sobre unas vacaciones pasadas.
Pasos:
- (15 min) Escribe 10 preguntas en pasado simple (mezcla yes/no y WH) sobre las últimas vacaciones de alguien.
- (15 min) Escribe respuestas: short answers para yes/no y frases completas para WH.
- (15 min) Grábate el diálogo entrevistador–entrevistado, 2,5 min, cuidando did + verbo base.
- (15 min) Escúchate y revisa: ¿algún Did you worked? ¿Who sujeto sin did? Corrige y regraba.
Rúbrica de autoevaluación (0–10):
- Did + sujeto + verbo base correcto (3 pts)
- Short answers correctas (2 pts)
- Preguntas WH bien formadas (2 pts)
- Who/What sujeto sin did (1 pt)
- Fluidez y entonación (2 pts)
✅ Quiz (~15 min)
- Pregunta de "You went": ___
- Short answer "+": Did she study? → ___
- Short answer "−": Did they call? → ___
- ¿Lleva -ed el verbo tras did? (sí/no) ___
- WH para "¿qué hiciste?": ___
- Corrige: "Did you worked?"
- Corrige: "Where you went?"
- "___ called you?" (¿quién?, sujeto) → ___
- ¿did o does para el pasado? ___
- Traduce: "¿Adónde fueron?"
Ver respuestas
- Did you go? 2. Yes, she did. 3. No, they didn't. 4. No (forma base). 5. What did you do? 6. Did you work? 7. Where did you go? 8. Who 9. did 10. Where did they go?
📚 Recursos
- BBC Learning English – "Past simple questions (did)": https://www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish
- British Council LearnEnglish – Past simple questions: https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org
- YouTube – English with Lucy: "Did you…? Past simple questions".
⏭️ Siguiente
Mañana ampliamos el vocabulario de vacaciones y actividades pasadas y lo combinamos con todo el pasado simple, preparándote para el proyecto del diario de fin de semana.
Quiz
Q ¿Cuál es la pregunta de "You went"?
* Did you go?
- Did you went?
- Do you go?
Q Short answer afirmativa a "Did she study?"
* Yes, she did.
- Yes, she studied.
- Yes, she does.
Q ¿Cómo se dice "¿qué hiciste?" en inglés?
* What did you do?
- What did you did?
- What you did?
Q ¿Cuál es correcta cuando "who" es el sujeto?
* Who called you?
- Who did call you?
- Who did called you?