Día 316 · Causativo have something done — servicios
⏱️ Duración total: ~3 h 15 min — Clase 60 min · Ejercicios 60 min · Reto 60 min · Quiz ~15 min. Puedes dividirlo en varias sesiones el mismo día.
🎯 Objetivo del día
- Al terminar entenderás la estructura causativa have + objeto + participio.
- Hablarás de servicios que otra persona hace por ti (no tú mismo).
- Usarás el causativo en presente, pasado, futuro y con modales.
- Distinguirás I cut my hair de I had my hair cut.
- Evitarás los errores típicos de orden y de tiempo verbal del hispanohablante.
📖 Clase (60 min)
Introducción y contexto
Bienvenido a la Semana 46. Dejamos las estructuras enfáticas y entramos en dos bloques muy prácticos del nivel B2/C1: los verbos causativos (esta primera mitad) y los modales perfectos (segunda mitad). Hoy: la estructura causativa con have.
El causativo expresa que no haces tú la acción, sino que alguien la hace por ti (un profesional, un servicio). En español lo decimos con verbos reflexivos o "mandar/hacer que": me corté el pelo (en la peluquería) realmente significa me cortaron el pelo. El inglés lo marca con una estructura específica:
- I cut my hair. = Yo me corté el pelo (yo mismo, con tijeras).
- I had my hair cut. = Me corté el pelo / Me cortaron el pelo (en la peluquería).
Esta distinción es esencial para sonar natural al hablar de servicios: reparaciones, peluquería, instalaciones, médicos, etc.
Explicación detallada (regla por regla)
Regla 1 — Estructura base: have + objeto + participio pasado.
- I had the car repaired. → Hice reparar el coche / Me repararon el coche.
- She has her nails done. → Se hace las uñas.
Regla 2 — El sujeto NO realiza la acción; otra persona (a menudo no mencionada) la hace.
- We're having the house painted. → Estamos haciendo pintar la casa.
Regla 3 — Funciona en todos los tiempos (cambia have):
- Presente simple: I have my car serviced every year.
- Presente continuo: I'm having my car serviced.
- Pasado: I had my car serviced last week.
- Presente perfecto: I've just had my car serviced.
- Futuro: I'll have my car serviced tomorrow.
- Con modal: I should have my car serviced. / I need to have it serviced.
Regla 4 — Negativo y pregunta: se forma sobre have (con auxiliares):
- I didn't have the car repaired. → No hice reparar el coche.
- Where do you have your hair cut? → ¿Dónde te cortas el pelo?
- Have you had your eyes tested? → ¿Te has hecho revisar la vista?
Regla 5 — Mencionar al agente (opcional): have + objeto + participio + by + persona.
- I had the report checked by a lawyer. → Hice revisar el informe por un abogado.
Regla 6 — Sentido de "experiencia negativa" (algo malo te ocurre):
- They had their car stolen. → Les robaron el coche.
- He had his wallet taken. → Le quitaron la cartera.
Vocabulario clave
| English | Pronunciación aprox. | Español |
|---|---|---|
| to repair | tu ripéar | reparar |
| to service (a car) | tu sérvis | hacer la revisión (de un coche) |
| to fix | tu fiks | arreglar |
| to install | tu instól | instalar |
| to deliver | tu dilíver | entregar / repartir |
| to dry-clean | tu drái klíin | limpiar en seco |
| to renovate | tu rénoveit | reformar / renovar |
| to test (eyes) | tu test | revisar / examinar (la vista) |
| to redecorate | tu ridékoreit | redecorar |
| plumber | plámer | fontanero |
| mechanic | mekánik | mecánico |
| hairdresser | héardreser | peluquero/a |
| to be stolen | tu bi stóulen | ser robado |
| to be towed | tu bi tóud | ser remolcado |
| appointment | apóintment | cita |
| estimate / quote | éstimeit / kwóut | presupuesto |
Gramática a fondo
| Tiempo | Ejemplo |
|---|---|
| Presente simple | I have my hair cut every month. |
| Presente continuo | I'm having the kitchen redecorated. |
| Pasado simple | We had the roof fixed last year. |
| Presente perfecto | I've had my passport renewed. |
| Futuro (will/going to) | I'm going to have the car washed. |
| Modal | You should have it checked. |
| Negativo | I didn't have the contract translated. |
| Pregunta | Have you had your teeth cleaned? |
- El participio no cambia con el tiempo (es siempre la 3ª forma del verbo): cut, repaired, done, fixed, stolen.
- Orden fijo: objeto antes del participio → have + the car + repaired (no have repaired the car, que sería otro significado).
Pronunciación y notas de uso
- had my hair cut — enlaza "had-mai-hair-cut"; el participio cut es invariable.
- I've had /aɪv hæd/ — no omitas el segundo had (auxiliar + participio).
- Registro: neutro, muy frecuente en conversación cotidiana sobre servicios.
- Cuidado: have something done (servicio) ≠ have done something (presente perfecto). El orden lo cambia todo.
Errores comunes del hispanohablante
- ✗ I cut my hair yesterday (queriendo decir en la peluquería) → ✓ I had my hair cut yesterday.
- ✗ I had repaired my car (queriendo decir un mecánico) → ✓ I had my car repaired. (objeto antes del participio.)
- ✗ I'm going to have repair the car. → ✓ I'm going to have the car repaired.
- ✗ I had cut my hair by a hairdresser. → ✓ I had my hair cut by a hairdresser.
- ✗ Did you had your eyes test? → ✓ Did you have your eyes tested?
- ✗ They stole their car (cuando ellos son las víctimas) → ✓ They had their car stolen.
Mini-diálogo de ejemplo
A: Your kitchen looks amazing! Did you do it yourself? (¡Tu cocina está increíble! ¿La hiciste tú?) B: No way. We had it completely renovated last month. (Qué va. La hicimos renovar entera el mes pasado.) A: Nice. Who did you use? (Genial. ¿A quién contrataste?) B: A local firm. We also had new windows installed. (Una empresa local. También hicimos instalar ventanas nuevas.) A: Smart. By the way, you should have that pipe checked — it's leaking. (Buena idea. Por cierto, deberías hacer revisar esa tubería, gotea.) B: Good point. I'll have a plumber come round tomorrow. (Buen apunte. Haré que venga un fontanero mañana.)
✍️ Ejercicios (60 min)
Bloque 1 — Forma el causativo (presente/pasado) (10 min)
- (the car / repair, last week) We ___ .
- (my hair / cut, every month) I ___ .
- (the house / paint, now) They ___ .
- (my eyes / test, just) I ___ .
- (the documents / translate, tomorrow) She ___ .
Bloque 2 — I did it vs. I had it done (8 min)
Elige y completa:
- I'm not good with cars, so I ___ (my car / service) at the garage.
- I love baking, so I ___ (a cake) myself for the party.
- My suit was dirty, so I ___ (it / dry-clean).
Bloque 3 — Negativo y pregunta (8 min)
- (?) you / your teeth / clean — recently?
- (–) We / the roof / not fix — yet.
- (?) Where / you / your hair / cut?
- (–) He / the contract / not check — by a lawyer.
Bloque 4 — Traducción Español → Inglés (12 min)
- Me corté el pelo ayer (en la peluquería).
- Estamos haciendo pintar la casa.
- ¿Te has hecho revisar la vista?
- Les robaron el coche.
- Voy a hacer revisar el coche mañana.
Bloque 5 — Corrige los errores (10 min)
- I cut my hair yesterday at the hairdresser's.
- I had repaired my car by a mechanic.
- I'm going to have repair the kitchen.
- Did you had your eyes test?
- They stole their car last night. (ellos son las víctimas)
Bloque 6 — Ordena las palabras (6 min)
- had / I / hair / my / cut / yesterday / .
- having / we / the / are / painted / house / .
Bloque 7 — Producción escrita (6 min)
Escribe 6 frases sobre servicios de tu vida real (coche, casa, salud, ropa) usando el causativo en distintos tiempos.
Ver soluciones
B1: 1. We had the car repaired last week. 2. I have my hair cut every month. 3. They're having the house painted now. 4. I've just had my eyes tested. 5. She's going to have the documents translated tomorrow. B2: 1. have my car serviced. 2. make / bake a cake. 3. had it dry-cleaned. B3: 1. Have you had your teeth cleaned recently? 2. We haven't had the roof fixed yet. 3. Where do you have your hair cut? 4. He hasn't had the contract checked by a lawyer. B4: 1. I had my hair cut yesterday. 2. We're having the house painted. 3. Have you had your eyes tested? 4. They had their car stolen. 5. I'm going to have the car serviced/checked tomorrow. B5: 1. I had my hair cut yesterday at the hairdresser's. 2. I had my car repaired by a mechanic. 3. I'm going to have the kitchen renovated/repaired. 4. Did you have your eyes tested? 5. They had their car stolen last night. B6: 1. I had my hair cut yesterday. 2. We are having the house painted. B7: Respuesta libre.
🚀 Reto del día (60 min)
"My services log" — texto y grabación.
- Haz una lista de 8 servicios que hayas usado o vayas a usar (peluquería, taller, médico, fontanero, instalación, ropa…). (10 min)
- Escribe un texto de 10 frases con el causativo en al menos 5 tiempos distintos (presente, continuo, pasado, perfecto, futuro, modal) e incluye 1 frase de "experiencia negativa" (had something stolen/broken). (25 min)
- Revisa: ¿objeto antes del participio?, ¿participio invariable?, ¿have en el tiempo correcto? (10 min)
- Grábate (1.5–2 min). (10 min)
- Autoevalúa. (5 min)
Rúbrica (0–10):
- Estructura have + objeto + participio correcta: 0–3
- Variedad de tiempos (≥5): 0–3
- Frase de experiencia negativa correcta: 0–1
- Contraste con acción propia (I did it vs I had it done): 0–1
- Vocabulario de servicios y pronunciación: 0–2
✅ Quiz (~15 min)
- ¿Cuál es la estructura del causativo con have?
- ¿Qué diferencia hay entre I cut my hair y I had my hair cut?
- Forma: (the car / repair, last week) →
- Corrige: I had repaired my car by a mechanic.
- Corrige: I'm going to have repair the kitchen.
- Traduce: ¿Te has hecho revisar la vista?
- Traduce: Les robaron el coche.
- ¿El participio cambia según el tiempo? Sí/No.
- Pregunta: Where / you / your hair / cut?
- Negativo: We / the roof / not fix / yet.
Ver respuestas
- have + objeto + participio pasado. 2. La 1ª = lo hiciste tú; la 2ª = te lo hizo otra persona (servicio). 3. We had the car repaired last week. 4. I had my car repaired by a mechanic. 5. I'm going to have the kitchen renovated. 6. Have you had your eyes tested? 7. They had their car stolen. 8. No (invariable). 9. Where do you have your hair cut? 10. We haven't had the roof fixed yet.
📚 Recursos
- British Council — Causative have: https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org
- BBC Learning English — Causatives: https://www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish
- Cambridge Dictionary: https://dictionary.cambridge.org
⏭️ Siguiente
Mañana: el causativo con get (get something done) y have/get somebody to do, más informal y dinámico, además de make/let.
Quiz
Q ¿Cuál es la estructura del causativo con *have*?
* have + objeto + participio pasado
- have + participio + objeto
- have + objeto + infinitivo con *to*
Q Elige la frase que significa "me cortaron el pelo en la peluquería":
* I had my hair cut.
- I cut my hair.
- I have cut my hair.
Q Corrige: *I had repaired my car by a mechanic.*
* I had my car repaired by a mechanic.
- I had repair my car by a mechanic.
- I have my car repaired by a mechanic.
Q ¿Cómo se dice "Les robaron el coche" (ellos son las víctimas)?
* They had their car stolen.
- They stole their car.
- They have stolen their car.