Día 268 · Preguntas reportadas (reported questions)
⏱️ Duración total: ~3 h 15 min — Clase 60 min · Ejercicios 60 min · Reto 60 min · Quiz ~15 min. Puedes dividirlo en varias sesiones el mismo día.
🎯 Objetivo del día
- Al terminar reportarás preguntas WH (what, where, why...) con el orden correcto.
- Reportarás preguntas Yes/No con if o whether.
- Eliminarás el auxiliar do/does/did y el signo de interrogación al reportar.
- Aplicarás el backshift dentro de la pregunta reportada.
- Usarás verbos introductorios como ask, wonder, want to know, inquire.
📖 Clase (60 min)
Introducción y contexto
Ayer dominaste el backshift con afirmaciones. Hoy aplicamos esa misma lógica a las preguntas, una de las transformaciones donde el hispanohablante más tropieza, porque hay que hacer tres cambios a la vez: (1) el orden de palabras vuelve a ser de frase afirmativa (sujeto + verbo), (2) desaparece el auxiliar do/does/did, y (3) se aplica el backshift. Además, las preguntas de respuesta Sí/No necesitan un conector nuevo: if* o *whether.
Esto aparece sin parar en periodismo y entrevistas ("The journalist asked the minister why he had resigned") y en conversación cotidiana ("She asked me where I lived"). Si lo automatizas, sonarás claramente B2. La clave mental: una pregunta reportada ya no es una pregunta, es una afirmación incrustada (una "oración sustantiva"). Por eso pierde la inversión y el signo de interrogación. Tu español también lo hace: "¿Dónde vives?" → "Me preguntó dónde vivía" (sin inversión, sin signos).
Explicación detallada (regla por regla)
Regla 1 — Preguntas WH (con what, where, when, why, who, how). Se reportan con: asked + (objeto) + palabra WH + sujeto + verbo.
- Directo: "Where do you live?" → Indirecto: She asked me where I lived.
- Directo: "Why did he leave?" → Indirecto: They asked why he had left.
- Directo: "What are you doing?" → Indirecto: He asked what I was doing.
- Directo: "How does it work?" → Indirecto: She asked how it worked.
Fíjate: la palabra WH se mantiene y funciona como conector; después va sujeto + verbo (orden normal), sin do/does/did y con backshift.
Regla 2 — Preguntas Yes/No. No hay palabra WH, así que usamos if* o *whether como conector. Misma estructura afirmativa después.
- Directo: "Do you speak English?" → Indirecto: She asked me if/whether I spoke English.
- Directo: "Are you ready?" → Indirecto: He asked if/whether I was ready.
- Directo: "Have you finished?" → Indirecto: They asked if/whether I had finished.
if y whether son intercambiables aquí; whether es algo más formal y obligatorio antes de or not directamente: whether or not...
Regla 3 — Eliminar el auxiliar. El error #1: dejar do/does/did. ✗ She asked me where did I live. → ✓ She asked me where I lived. El did "se convierte" en el backshift del verbo principal (live → lived), no se queda suelto.
Regla 4 — Sin inversión, sin signo de interrogación. La pregunta reportada termina en punto, no en "?": He asked what time it was. (punto final).
Regla 5 — Reporting verbs para preguntas: ask (somebody), want to know, wonder, inquire (formal), enquire, be curious about. Con ask puedes o no poner objeto: She asked (me) where...
Regla 6 — Preguntas sobre el sujeto (con who/what como sujeto). Si la pregunta directa ya no tiene auxiliar porque who/what es el sujeto, casi no cambia el orden: "Who broke the window?" → She asked who had broken the window.
Vocabulario clave
| English | Pronunciación aprox. | Español |
|---|---|---|
| to ask | tu ask | preguntar |
| to wonder | tu uánder | preguntarse |
| to want to know | tu uánt tu nóu | querer saber |
| to inquire / enquire | tu inkuáier | indagar / preguntar |
| to be curious | tu bi kiúrios | tener curiosidad |
| whether | uéder | si (alternativa) |
| question | kuéschon | pregunta |
| answer | ánser | respuesta |
| interview | ínterviu | entrevista |
| journalist | yérnalist | periodista |
| reporter | ripórter | reportero |
| to interrogate | tu interogéit | interrogar |
| to query | tu kuíri | cuestionar / preguntar |
| word order | uérd órder | orden de palabras |
| embedded | embéded | incrustado / incrustada |
| whether or not | uéder or nat | si... o no |
Gramática a fondo
| Tipo | Estilo directo | Estilo indirecto |
|---|---|---|
| WH | "Where do you live?" | She asked where I lived. |
| WH | "What are you doing?" | He asked what I was doing. |
| WH | "Why did she leave?" | They asked why she had left. |
| Yes/No | "Do you smoke?" | She asked if I smoked. |
| Yes/No | "Are you ready?" | He asked whether I was ready. |
| Yes/No | "Have you eaten?" | They asked if I had eaten. |
| Sujeto | "Who called?" | She asked who had called. |
Fórmula: ask (+obj) + [WH / if / whether] + sujeto + verbo (con backshift) .
Pronunciación y notas de uso
- whether /ˈweðə/ y weather (tiempo atmosférico) suenan igual (homófonos).
- ask /ɑːsk/ o /æsk/ — cuidado, NO "áks".
- wonder /ˈwʌndə/ — la o suena /ʌ/, como en cup.
- journalist /ˈdʒɜːnəlɪst/ — empieza con sonido "dy", acento en la primera sílaba.
- En registro formal escrito se prefiere whether; en habla informal, if.
Errores comunes del hispanohablante
- ✗ She asked me where did I live. → ✓ She asked me where I lived.
- ✗ He asked what was I doing. → ✓ He asked what I was doing.
- ✗ She asked me that if I was tired. → ✓ She asked me if I was tired. (sin that)
- ✗ They asked do I speak English. → ✓ They asked if I spoke English.
- ✗ He asked me where I live? → ✓ He asked me where I lived. (punto, no "?")
- ✗ She wanted to know what time was it. → ✓ She wanted to know what time it was.
Mini-diálogo de ejemplo
A: How did the interview go? (¿Cómo fue la entrevista?) B: Tough. The manager asked me why I had left my last job. (Dura. El gerente me preguntó por qué había dejado mi último trabajo.) A: What else? (¿Qué más?) B: She asked whether I could start in June and wanted to know how much I expected to earn. (Preguntó si podía empezar en junio y quería saber cuánto esperaba ganar.) A: Did she ask about languages? (¿Preguntó sobre idiomas?) B: Yes, she asked if I spoke French and wondered where I had studied it. (Sí, preguntó si hablaba francés y se preguntaba dónde lo había estudiado.)
✍️ Ejercicios (60 min)
Bloque 1 — Reporta preguntas WH (10 min)
Empieza con She asked...:
- "Where do you work?"
- "What are you reading?"
- "Why did he resign?"
- "How does this machine work?"
- "When will you arrive?"
- "Who broke the window?"
Bloque 2 — Reporta preguntas Yes/No con if/whether (10 min)
Empieza con He asked...:
- "Do you like coffee?"
- "Are you ready?"
- "Have you seen my keys?"
- "Can you swim?"
- "Did you call her?"
- "Will you help me?"
Bloque 3 — Corrige los errores (10 min)
- She asked me where did I live.
- He asked what was I doing.
- They asked me that if I was tired.
- She asked do I speak English.
- He asked me where I live?
Bloque 4 — Une las dos partes (8 min)
Une el reporting verb con la pregunta correctamente reportada:
- She wondered ___ (Is it true?)
- He wanted to know ___ (What time is it?)
- They asked me ___ (Did you finish?)
- I'm curious ___ (Why did she leave?)
Bloque 5 — Traducción Español → Inglés (12 min)
- Me preguntó dónde vivía.
- Preguntó si yo hablaba inglés.
- Quería saber por qué él se había ido.
- Se preguntaba qué hora era.
- Nos preguntó si estábamos listos.
- El periodista preguntó cuánto había costado.
Bloque 6 — Producción escrita (10 min)
Imagina una entrevista de trabajo. Escribe 7 preguntas que te hicieron, reportadas en estilo indirecto, mezclando WH y Yes/No.
Ver soluciones
B1: 1. She asked where I worked. 2. She asked what I was reading. 3. She asked why he had resigned. 4. She asked how that machine worked. 5. She asked when I would arrive. 6. She asked who had broken the window. B2: 1. He asked if/whether I liked coffee. 2. He asked if/whether I was ready. 3. He asked if/whether I had seen his keys. 4. He asked if/whether I could swim. 5. He asked if/whether I had called her. 6. He asked if/whether I would help him. B3: 1. She asked me where I lived. 2. He asked what I was doing. 3. They asked me if I was tired. 4. She asked if I spoke English. 5. He asked me where I lived. B4: 1. ...if/whether it was true. 2. ...what time it was. 3. ...if/whether I had finished. 4. ...why she had left. B5: 1. He/She asked (me) where I lived. 2. He/She asked if/whether I spoke English. 3. He/She wanted to know why he had left/gone. 4. He/She wondered what time it was. 5. He/She asked us if/whether we were ready. 6. The journalist asked how much it had cost. B6: Respuesta libre.
🚀 Reto del día (60 min)
"The interview report" — reportar una entrevista.
- Elige un tema (entrevista de trabajo, periodista a un famoso, médico a paciente). (5 min)
- Escribe la entrevista en estilo directo: 10 preguntas del entrevistador (mezcla WH y Yes/No). (20 min)
- Conviértela a un párrafo periodístico reportando todas las preguntas (sin inversión, sin auxiliares, con backshift). (20 min)
- Grábate leyéndolo (1–2 min) con entonación de afirmación, no de pregunta. (10 min)
- Autoevalúa. (5 min)
Rúbrica (0–10):
- Orden de palabras afirmativo (sin inversión): 0–3
- Eliminación correcta del auxiliar do/does/did: 0–2
- Uso correcto de if/whether en Yes/No: 0–2
- Backshift correcto: 0–2
- Variedad de reporting verbs: 0–1
✅ Quiz (~15 min)
- Reporta: "Where do you live?" (She asked...)
- ¿Qué conector se usa para reportar preguntas Yes/No?
- Corrige: He asked what was I doing.
- ¿Se mantiene el signo "?" en una pregunta reportada?
- Reporta: "Are you ready?" (He asked...)
- ¿Qué pasa con do/does/did al reportar?
- whether es homófono de... ?
- Corrige: She asked me where did I live.
- Reporta: "What time is it?" (She wanted to know...)
- Traduce: Preguntó si yo hablaba inglés.
Ver respuestas
- She asked where I lived. 2. if o whether. 3. He asked what I was doing. 4. No, termina en punto. 5. He asked if/whether I was ready. 6. Desaparece (se refleja en el backshift del verbo principal). 7. weather (el clima). 8. She asked me where I lived. 9. She wanted to know what time it was. 10. He/She asked if/whether I spoke English.
📚 Recursos
- British Council — Reported questions: https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org
- BBC Learning English — Reported speech: https://www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish
- Cambridge Grammar — Questions: indirect: https://dictionary.cambridge.org/grammar
⏭️ Siguiente
Mañana: órdenes, peticiones y consejos reportados (reported commands and requests) — cómo contar lo que alguien te pidió, ordenó o aconsejó con tell / ask / advise + to + infinitivo.
Quiz
Q "Where do you live?" → She asked where ___.
* I lived
- did I live
- do I live
Q ¿Qué conector se usa para reportar una pregunta Yes/No?
* if / whether
- that
- what
Q ¿Cuál es correcta?
* He asked what I was doing.
- He asked what was I doing.
- He asked what did I do.
Q Una pregunta reportada termina en...
* punto
- signo de interrogación
- coma