Día 256 · Pasiva con futuro y verbos modales
⏱️ Duración total: ~3 h 15 min — Clase 60 min · Ejercicios 60 min · Reto 60 min · Quiz ~15 min. Puedes dividirlo en varias sesiones el mismo día.
🎯 Objetivo del día
- Al terminar formarás la pasiva en futuro (will be + participio, be going to be + participio).
- Dominarás la pasiva con modales (can/must/should/may + be + participio).
- Sabrás redactar normas, instrucciones y predicciones en estilo formal.
- Distinguirás obligación, posibilidad y consejo en pasiva.
- Evitarás los errores con el doble be.
📖 Clase (60 min)
Introducción y contexto
Hoy entras oficialmente en la Fase 4 (B2) y consolidas la pasiva con dos bloques muy frecuentes en el inglés real:
- Futuro pasivo: noticias y planes — The new stadium will be opened next year.
- Pasiva con modales: normas, manuales, señales, recomendaciones — Helmets must be worn. This can be done online. The form should be signed.
Mira cualquier cartel, manual de instrucciones o documento legal en inglés: está lleno de must be, can be, should be, will be + participio. Es el registro de la normativa, la ciencia y los negocios.
Explicación detallada (regla por regla)
Regla 1 — Futuro con will pasivo. Fórmula: will + be + participio.
- Activa: They will announce the results tomorrow.
- Pasiva: The results will be announced tomorrow.
- Negativa: The decision won't be made today.
- Pregunta: Will the project be finished on time?
Regla 2 — Futuro con be going to pasivo. Fórmula: am/is/are + going to + be + participio.
- A new bridge is going to be built here.
- The rules are going to be changed.
Regla 3 — Pasiva con modales. Fórmula: modal + be + participio. El modal nunca cambia y siempre va seguido de be.
| Modal | Significado | Ejemplo pasivo |
|---|---|---|
| can / can't | posibilidad / capacidad | It can be done online. / It can't be repaired. |
| could | posibilidad/cortesía | This could be improved. |
| must / mustn't | obligación / prohibición | Seatbelts must be worn. / It mustn't be touched. |
| should / shouldn't | consejo | The form should be signed. |
| may / might | posibilidad | The flight may be delayed. |
| have to | obligación externa | Taxes have to be paid. |
Regla 4 — Negativa e interrogativa con modales.
- Negativa: The door mustn't be left open. / It can't be opened.
- Pregunta: Can this be recycled? Should the report be sent today?
Regla 5 — Transformar activa → pasiva con modal.
- Activa: You must wear a helmet. → Pasiva: A helmet must be worn.
- Activa: Someone should check the figures. → Pasiva: The figures should be checked.
- Activa: They can solve the problem. → Pasiva: The problem can be solved.
El truco: detrás del modal, siempre va be + participio. No conjugues nada más.
Vocabulario clave
| English | Pronunciación aprox. | Español |
|---|---|---|
| will be done | uíl bi dan | será hecho |
| will be announced | uíl bi anáunsd | será anunciado |
| is going to be built | is góin tu bi bilt | va a ser construido |
| can be seen | can bi siin | puede verse |
| must be worn | mast bi uorn | debe llevarse puesto |
| must be paid | mast bi péid | debe pagarse |
| should be signed | shud bi sáind | debería firmarse |
| may be delayed | méi bi diléid | puede retrasarse |
| can be recycled | can bi risáikold | puede reciclarse |
| has to be done | has tu bi dan | tiene que hacerse |
| mustn't be touched | másnt bi tachd | no debe tocarse |
| could be improved | cud bi imprúuvd | podría mejorarse |
| regulation | reguiléishon | normativa |
| guidelines | gáidlains | directrices |
| forbidden | forbídn | prohibido |
| compulsory | compálsori | obligatorio |
Gramática a fondo
| Forma | Estructura | Ejemplo |
|---|---|---|
| Futuro will (+) | will be + part. | It will be sent tomorrow. |
| Futuro will (−) | won't be + part. | It won't be finished. |
| Futuro will (?) | Will + S + be + part.? | Will it be done? |
| going to pasivo | am/is/are going to be + part. | It is going to be sold. |
| Modal (+) | modal + be + part. | It must be cleaned. |
| Modal (−) | modal + not + be + part. | It can't be opened. |
| Modal (?) | Modal + S + be + part.? | Should it be sent? |
Pronunciación y notas de uso
Will be en habla rápida: "wilbi" o contraído 'll be ("əl bi"). Won't /woʊnt/ (no confundir con want /wɒnt/). Must be → "mas bi". En carteles y normas se usa muchísimo la pasiva con modal porque es impersonal y formal: Smoking is not permitted. Shoes must be removed. Suena más oficial que "Don't smoke".
Errores comunes del hispanohablante
- ❌ The work will done tomorrow. → ✓ ...will be done... (falta be)
- ❌ Helmets must worn. → ✓ Helmets must be worn.
- ❌ It can be repair. → ✓ It can be repaired. (participio)
- ❌ The form should to be signed. → ✓ ...should be signed. (sin to tras modal)
- ❌ Will be finished the project? → ✓ Will the project be finished? (orden)
- ❌ It must to be paid. → ✓ It must be paid. / It has to be paid.
Mini-diálogo de ejemplo
Manager: When will the new system be installed? IT: It will be set up next Monday. Backups must be made first. Manager: Can the old data be recovered? IT: Yes, everything can be restored. But passwords should be changed. Manager: And training? IT: Staff are going to be trained next week. Nothing needs to be done by you yet.
Traducción: —¿Cuándo se instalará el nuevo sistema? —Se configurará el próximo lunes. Primero deben hacerse copias de seguridad. —¿Se pueden recuperar los datos antiguos? —Sí, todo puede restaurarse. Pero deberían cambiarse las contraseñas. —¿Y la formación? —El personal va a ser formado la próxima semana. Tú aún no tienes que hacer nada.
✍️ Ejercicios (60 min)
Bloque 1 — Completa con futuro/modal pasivo (10 min)
- The results ______ (will / announce) tomorrow.
- Helmets ______ (must / wear) on site.
- This ticket ______ (can / use) only once.
- The report ______ (should / send) by Friday.
- The match ______ (might / cancel) because of the rain.
Bloque 2 — Pasa a pasiva con modal (12 min)
- You must complete the form.
- Someone should check these numbers.
- They can solve this problem easily.
- You mustn't touch the paintings.
- We have to pay the bill today.
- They can't repair the phone.
Bloque 3 — Pasa a pasiva (futuro) (10 min)
- They will build a new school here.
- The committee is going to make a decision.
- They won't announce the winner today.
- Will they finish the road soon?
Bloque 4 — Traducción Español → Inglés (12 min)
- El proyecto será terminado el mes que viene.
- Los cascos deben llevarse en la obra.
- Esto puede hacerse por internet.
- El formulario debería firmarse hoy.
- El vuelo podría retrasarse.
Bloque 5 — Corrige el error (8 min)
- The work will done next week.
- Seatbelts must worn.
- It should to be sent today.
- Will be the stadium opened in May?
Bloque 6 — Producción escrita (8 min)
Escribe 6 normas para un gimnasio o una piscina usando pasiva con modal. Ej.: Shoes must be removed. Towels should be used. Glass bottles can't be brought in.
Ver soluciones
B1: 1. will be announced · 2. must be worn · 3. can be used · 4. should be sent · 5. might be cancelled
B2: 1. The form must be completed. · 2. These numbers should be checked. · 3. This problem can be solved easily. · 4. The paintings mustn't be touched. · 5. The bill has to be paid today. · 6. The phone can't be repaired.
B3: 1. A new school will be built here. · 2. A decision is going to be made. · 3. The winner won't be announced today. · 4. Will the road be finished soon?
B4: 1. The project will be finished next month. · 2. Helmets must be worn on site. · 3. This can be done online. · 4. The form should be signed today. · 5. The flight might be delayed.
B5: 1. ...will be done... · 2. ...must be worn. · 3. ...should be sent... · 4. Will the stadium be opened in May?
B6: Respuesta libre. Verifica: modal + be + participio.
🚀 Reto del día (60 min)
"Rules & future plans" — manual + anuncio.
- Parte A: redacta 6–8 normas para un lugar (oficina, laboratorio, museo) usando pasiva con modal (must be / can't be / should be).
- Parte B: escribe un anuncio de 5–6 frases sobre cambios futuros usando futuro pasivo (will be / is going to be). Ej.: The library will be modernized. New computers are going to be installed…
- Grábate leyendo ambas partes con tono formal (3 min).
- Revisa: cada frase debe tener modal/will + be + participio.
Rúbrica de autoevaluación (0–10):
- Pasiva con modal correcta: 0–3
- Futuro pasivo correcto: 0–3
- Variedad de modales (must/should/can/may): 0–2
- Registro formal y vocabulario de normativa: 0–2
✅ Quiz (~15 min)
- The results ______ tomorrow. a) will announced b) will be announced c) will be announce
- Pasa a pasiva: You must wear a helmet.
- This ______ online. (puede hacerse)
- Corrige: The form should to be signed.
- Negativa: The phone can be repaired. → ?
- Traduce: "Se construirá un puente nuevo aquí."
- Helmets must ______ worn. (palabra que falta)
- Pregunta: They will finish it soon. → pasiva interrogativa.
- ¿Lleva to tras un modal en pasiva? (Sí/No)
- Traduce: "Los impuestos tienen que pagarse."
Ver respuestas
- b. 2. A helmet must be worn. 3. This can be done online. 4. ...should be signed. (sin to). 5. The phone can't be repaired. 6. A new bridge will be built here. 7. be. 8. Will it be finished soon? 9. No (modal + be + participio, sin to; salvo have to). 10. Taxes have to be paid.
📚 Recursos
- BBC Learning English – Passive with modals.
- British Council: "Modal passive" exercises.
- Carteles y manuales reales en inglés (busca "safety rules sign") para ver pasivas auténticas.
- Cambridge Dictionary: ejemplos de must be / should be + participle.
⏭️ Siguiente
Mañana: el agente con by y la elección entre activa y pasiva — cuándo mencionar quién hace la acción y cuándo callarlo para sonar natural y formal.
Quiz
Q "The results ___ tomorrow."
* will be announced
- will announced
- will be announce
Q Pasa a pasiva: "You must wear a helmet."
* A helmet must be worn.
- A helmet must worn.
- A helmet must be wear.
Q "This ___ online." (puede hacerse)
* can be done
- can done
- can be do
Q ¿Lleva "to" tras un modal en pasiva?
* No: modal + be + participio (sin "to").
- Sí, siempre: modal + to be + participio.
- Solo con "can".