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Día 223 · Reto — Resuelve un misterio

⏱️ Duración total: ~3 h 15 min — Clase 60 min · Ejercicios 60 min · Reto 60 min · Quiz ~15 min. Puedes dividirlo en varias sesiones el mismo día.

🎯 Objetivo del día

📖 Clase (60 min)

Introducción y contexto

Día de reto: aquí integras toda la semana en una tarea comunicativa con un caso real de misterio. Resolver un enigma razonando en voz alta es uno de los mejores ejercicios para fijar los modales de deducción, porque te obliga a elegir el grado de certeza correcto en cada frase y a encadenar lógica (esto descarta aquello, por lo tanto…).

Antes de lanzarte al caso, repasamos la técnica de razonamiento deductivo en inglés: cómo presentar las pistas, cómo descartar opciones con can't have, cómo proponer hipótesis con might/could have y cómo cerrar con la conclusión más fuerte usando must have. También te damos un caso de práctica resuelto como modelo, y luego tendrás tu propio caso para resolver.

Técnica: el razonamiento deductivo en 4 pasos

  1. Presenta los hechos/pistas: Here are the facts: … There is evidence that …
  2. Descarta lo imposible (can't / can't have): It can't have been X because …
  3. Propón hipótesis (might/may/could have): It might have been Y, or Z could have …
  4. Concluye con lo más probable (must / must have): So the culprit must be … It must have happened like this:

Conectores útiles: first, then, however, because, since, so, therefore, that's why, in conclusion.

Caso de práctica RESUELTO (modelo — no lo copies)

The Missing Cake Facts: A birthday cake disappeared from the office kitchen between 1 and 2 p.m. Three people were in the building: Anna, Ben and Carla. There were chocolate fingerprints on Ben's desk. Anna is allergic to chocolate. Carla was on a video call (recorded) from 1 to 2.

Reasoning: It can't have been Carla, because she was on a recorded call the whole time. It can't have been Anna either, since she's allergic to chocolate — she wouldn't have eaten it. There are chocolate fingerprints on Ben's desk, so he must have touched the cake. He might have taken it during his lunch break. Therefore, the culprit must be Ben. He must have eaten the cake and can't have expected anyone to check his desk!

Observa: cada modal transmite un grado de certeza distinto y el razonamiento avanza descartando y concluyendo.

Vocabulario clave (para argumentar el caso)

English Pronunciación aprox. Español
culprit cólprit culpable
to figure out tu fíguer áut descifrar / deducir
to rule out tu ruul áut descartar
fingerprint fínguerprint huella dactilar
timeline táimlain cronología
to take place tu téik pléis suceder / ocurrir
at the time at de táim en ese momento
as far as I know as far as ai nóu que yo sepa
in conclusion in konklúshon en conclusión
therefore déarfor por lo tanto
since / as sins / as ya que / puesto que
that's why dats uái por eso
to confirm tu konfírm confirmar
to point to tu póint tu apuntar a / señalar
beyond doubt biyónd dáut sin lugar a dudas

Errores comunes del hispanohablante (al razonar)

Mini-diálogo de ejemplo (cierre de un caso)

A: So, who do you think did it? (Entonces, ¿quién crees que lo hizo?) B: Well, it can't have been Sara — she was abroad. (Bueno, no puede haber sido Sara — estaba en el extranjero.) A: And Mark? (¿Y Mark?) B: He might have been involved, but there's no evidence. (Pudo haber estado implicado, pero no hay pruebas.) A: The fingerprints point to Leo. (Las huellas apuntan a Leo.) B: Then it must have been Leo. Therefore, he's our culprit — beyond doubt. (Entonces debe de haber sido Leo. Por lo tanto, es nuestro culpable, sin lugar a dudas.)

✍️ Ejercicios (60 min)

Bloque 1 — Descarta o concluye (can't have / must have) (10 min)

  1. She was on camera the whole time, so she ___ (do) it.
  2. His fingerprints are on the door, so he ___ (touch) it.
  3. He was abroad, so he ___ (be) there.
  4. The alarm didn't go off, so they ___ (have) the code.

Bloque 2 — Conector lógico (8 min)

so / because / therefore / however:

  1. He has an alibi; ___ he can't be the culprit.
  2. There's no motive, ___ we can't rule him out.
  3. The window was broken, ___ someone must have forced it.

Bloque 3 — Ordena el razonamiento (8 min)

Pon en orden: (a) Therefore, the culprit must be Tom. (b) Here are the facts. (c) It can't have been Ana. (d) Tom's keys were found at the scene.

Bloque 4 — Traducción Español → Inglés (12 min)

  1. No puede haber sido ella; estaba en una llamada.
  2. Las huellas apuntan a Leo.
  3. Por lo tanto, debe de haber sido él.
  4. Puede que estuviera implicado.
  5. Podemos descartar a Sara.
  6. Sin lugar a dudas, es el culpable.

Bloque 5 — Corrige los errores (10 min)

  1. It must was him.
  2. She mustn't have done it.
  3. He can't have went there.
  4. That's because of why he's the suspect.
  5. In conclusion of, the culprit is Tom.

Bloque 6 — Mini-razonamiento (12 min)

Dado: 3 sospechosos. A estaba en el gimnasio (con testigos). B tiene una llave. C no tiene móvil esa noche. La puerta no fue forzada. Escribe 5 frases deduciendo quién entró, usando can't have / might have / must have.

Ver soluciones

B1: 1. can't have done · 2. must have touched · 3. can't have been · 4. must have had B2: 1. therefore / so · 2. so · 3. so / therefore B3: b, d, c, a B4: 1. It can't have been her; she was on a call. 2. The fingerprints point to Leo. 3. Therefore, it must have been him. 4. He might have been involved. 5. We can rule out Sara. 6. Beyond doubt, he's the culprit. B5: 1. It must have been him. 2. She can't have done it. 3. He can't have gone there. 4. That's why he's the suspect. 5. In conclusion, the culprit is Tom. B6: Respuesta libre. Ej.: It can't have been A — he was at the gym with witnesses. The door wasn't forced, so the person must have had a key. C didn't have a phone, but that doesn't rule him out. B has a key, so he might have entered. Therefore, it must have been B.

🚀 Reto del día (60 min) — PROYECTO PRINCIPAL

"Solve the mystery" — caso completo a resolver.

El caso (puedes usarlo o inventar el tuyo):

A laptop disappeared from a locked study between 8 and 9 p.m. Suspects: the brother (watching a film, no witnesses), the neighbour (says she rang the bell at 8:15 — confirmed by a camera), the cousin (left for the airport at 7:30 — boarding pass at 8:45). The window was open. There were muddy footprints inside, size 44. The brother wears size 44.

  1. Lee/diseña el caso y la cronología (timeline). (10 min)
  2. Escribe la resolución (180–220 palabras) en 4 pasos: hechos, descartes (can't have), hipótesis (might/could have), conclusión (must have). Usa ≥6 modales de deducción (presente y pasado), 5 palabras del vocabulario de misterios y 4 conectores lógicos. (25 min)
  3. Revisa con lista de control: modal + have + participio correcto, negativo = can't have, conectores, vocabulario. (10 min)
  4. Grábate explicando la solución como un detective (2 min). (10 min)
  5. Autoevalúa. (5 min)

Rúbrica (0–10):

✅ Quiz (~15 min)

  1. ¿Con qué modal se descarta lo imposible en pasado?
  2. ¿Con qué modal se concluye lo más probable en pasado?
  3. ¿Con qué modales se proponen hipótesis pasadas?
  4. Traduce: No puede haber sido ella.
  5. Traduce: Por lo tanto, debe de haber sido él.
  6. Corrige: It must was him.
  7. Corrige: He can't have went there.
  8. Conector para "por lo tanto" = ?
  9. ¿Cuántos pasos tiene el razonamiento deductivo de la clase?
  10. culprit significa…
Ver respuestas
  1. can't have / couldn't have. 2. must have. 3. might have / may have / could have. 4. It can't have been her. 5. Therefore, it must have been him. 6. It must have been him. 7. He can't have gone there. 8. therefore (o so). 9. Cuatro (hechos, descartes, hipótesis, conclusión). 10. Culpable.

📚 Recursos

⏭️ Siguiente

Mañana: repaso de la Semana 32 — consolidamos todos los modales de deducción con un test integrador.

Quiz

Q En un razonamiento, ¿con qué modal se descarta lo imposible en pasado?
* can't have / couldn't have
- must have
- might have
Q ¿Con qué modal se concluye lo más probable en pasado?
* must have
- can't have
- could have
Q Traduce: *Por lo tanto, debe de haber sido él.*
* Therefore, it must have been him.
- Therefore, it must was him.
- Therefore, it can't have been him.
Q ¿Qué significa *culprit*?
* culpable
- coartada
- testigo
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