Día 250 · Debatir y argumentar
⏱️ Duración total: ~3 h 15 min — Clase 60 min · Ejercicios 60 min · Reto 60 min · Quiz ~15 min. Puedes dividirlo en varias sesiones el mismo día.
🎯 Objetivo del día
- Al terminar integrarás opinión + conectores en un debate real.
- Usarás lenguaje para rebatir educadamente (That may be true, but...).
- Usarás lenguaje para persuadir y reforzar (The fact is..., Surely...).
- Estructurarás un argumento con introducción, puntos, contraargumento y conclusión.
- Mantendrás un turno de palabra fluido y cortés.
📖 Clase (60 min)
Introducción y contexto
Esta es la clase que junta todo lo de la semana: opinar, dar razones (because/so), contrastar (although/however), estructurar (firstly/moreover/in conclusion) y reaccionar a otros. Hoy lo aplicas al debate: un intercambio donde defiendes una postura, escuchas la contraria, la rebates con educación y persuades.
Debatir bien en inglés tiene una clave cultural: el tono cortés. Incluso en desacuerdo fuerte, se usan fórmulas suaves (I see your point, but...; That's a fair point, however...). Sonar agresivo (You are wrong) resta credibilidad. Hoy aprendes el "kit del debate": cómo abrir, defender, conceder, rebatir, persuadir y cerrar. Es el ensayo directo para el proyecto de mañana ("opina sobre un tema").
Explicación detallada (regla por regla)
Regla 1 — Abrir tu postura.
- I'd like to argue that... / My position is that... / I strongly believe that...
- There are several reasons why I think...
Regla 2 — Presentar argumentos (con secuencia).
- Firstly,... Secondly,... Moreover,... Another point is that...
- Apoya con ejemplos: For example,... / Take... as an example.
Regla 3 — Conceder un punto (mostrar que escuchas).
- I see your point. / That's a fair point. / You may be right that... / I admit that...
- Of course, there are some drawbacks...
Regla 4 — Rebatir educadamente (peto + contraataque).
- That may be true, but... / I see what you mean, however... / While that's partly true,... / I'm afraid I don't agree because...
- ✗ You are wrong. → ✓ I'm afraid I see it differently.
Regla 5 — Persuadir / reforzar.
- The fact is that... / There's no doubt that... / Surely you'd agree that... / It's clear that... / This proves that...
- Preguntas retóricas: Isn't it obvious that...? / Wouldn't you agree that...?
Regla 6 — Cerrar / concluir.
- To sum up,... / In conclusion,... / For these reasons, I believe... / All things considered,...
Regla 7 — Gestionar el turno (fluidez).
- Pedir turno: Could I just say something? / May I add a point?
- Mantener turno: Let me finish... / As I was saying...
- Ceder turno: What do you think? / What's your view on this?
Vocabulario clave
| English | Pronunciación aprox. | Español |
|---|---|---|
| to argue | tu árgiu | argumentar / sostener |
| argument | árgiument | argumento |
| to debate | tu dibéit | debatir |
| to convince | tu konvíns | convencer |
| to persuade | tu persuéid | persuadir |
| to admit | tu admít | admitir / conceder |
| to point out | tu póint áut | señalar |
| to object | tu obyékt | objetar |
| fair point | fer póint | un punto justo / razonable |
| drawback | dróbak | desventaja / inconveniente |
| evidence | évidens | evidencia / pruebas |
| to support (an idea) | tu sapórt | apoyar / respaldar |
| to refute | tu rifiút | refutar |
| standpoint | stándpoint | postura / punto de vista |
| reasonable | ríisonabl | razonable |
| convincing | konvínsing | convincente |
Gramática a fondo
| Fase del debate | Lenguaje útil |
|---|---|
| Abrir | I strongly believe that... / My position is... |
| Argumentar | Firstly,... Moreover,... For example,... |
| Conceder | That's a fair point. / I admit that... |
| Rebatir | That may be true, but... / However,... |
| Persuadir | The fact is... / Surely you'd agree... |
| Gestionar turno | Could I add...? / Let me finish... |
| Cerrar | To sum up,... / For these reasons,... |
Mini-esquema de intervención (40 segundos): Open → 2 arguments + example → concede 1 point → rebut → conclude.
Pronunciación y notas de uso
- argue /ˈɑːɡjuː/ (verbo) vs. argument /ˈɑːɡjumənt/ (sustantivo, sin "e").
- persuade /pəˈsweɪd/ — -suade = /sweɪd/.
- evidence es incontable: ✗ an evidence / evidences → ✓ some evidence / a piece of evidence.
- Entonación: en preguntas retóricas, sube y baja para sonar persuasivo, no agresivo.
Errores comunes del hispanohablante
- ✗ You are wrong. → ✓ I'm afraid I disagree / I see it differently.
- ✗ I am agree with your argument. → ✓ I agree with your argument.
- ✗ an evidence / many evidences → ✓ some evidence / pieces of evidence.
- ✗ I am totally agree → ✓ I totally agree.
- ✗ In my opinion I think that... (redundante) → ✓ In my opinion, ... o I think that...
- ✗ That's true but however... (doble conector) → ✓ That's true, but... o ...; however,...
Mini-diálogo de ejemplo (debate)
A: I strongly believe schools should ban smartphones. Firstly, they distract students. Moreover, they harm concentration. (Creo firmemente que las escuelas deberían prohibir los móviles. En primer lugar, distraen. Además, dañan la concentración.) B: I see your point. However, phones can be useful for learning. For example, students can look things up. (Veo tu punto. Sin embargo, los móviles pueden ser útiles para aprender. Por ejemplo, los estudiantes pueden buscar cosas.) A: That may be true, but the risks are bigger. The fact is test scores drop with phones in class. (Eso puede ser cierto, pero los riesgos son mayores. El hecho es que las notas bajan con móviles en clase.) B: That's a fair point. I admit distraction is a problem. Still, a balanced policy might work better than a total ban. (Es un punto razonable. Admito que la distracción es un problema. Aun así, una política equilibrada podría funcionar mejor que una prohibición total.) A: All in all, we both agree control is needed. (En resumen, ambos coincidimos en que hace falta control.)
✍️ Ejercicios (60 min)
Bloque 1 — Clasifica la función (abrir/conceder/rebatir/persuadir/cerrar) (8 min)
- The fact is that... 2. To sum up,... 3. I see your point, but... 4. I strongly believe that... 5. That's a fair point. 6. Surely you'd agree that...
Bloque 2 — Reescribe sin sonar agresivo (10 min)
- You are wrong.
- That's a stupid idea.
- No, that's false.
- I am agree with you.
Bloque 3 — Completa el mini-debate (10 min)
A: I ___ believe (refuerzo) that... B: I ___ your point (concesión), ___ (rebatir)... A: That ___ be true, ___ the fact ___ that... B: ___ up, we agree on...
Bloque 4 — Traducción Español → Inglés (12 min)
- Creo firmemente que es un error.
- Veo tu punto, sin embargo, no estoy de acuerdo.
- Eso puede ser cierto, pero los riesgos son mayores.
- Es un punto razonable.
- En resumen, ambos estamos de acuerdo.
- ¿No estarías de acuerdo en que es importante?
Bloque 5 — Corrige los errores (8 min)
- I am totally agree with you.
- There are many evidences.
- You are wrong about this.
- That's true but however it's risky.
Bloque 6 — Producción escrita (12 min)
Escribe una intervención de debate de 10–12 frases a favor o en contra de un tema (ej. "Free public transport for everyone"): abre, 2 argumentos + ejemplo, concede 1 punto, rebate, concluye.
Ver soluciones
B1: 1. persuadir · 2. cerrar · 3. rebatir · 4. abrir · 5. conceder · 6. persuadir B2: 1. I'm afraid I disagree / I see it differently. 2. I'm not sure that's the best idea. 3. I'm afraid I don't think that's right. 4. I agree with you. B3: strongly · see · but · may · but · is · To sum B4: 1. I strongly believe (that) it's a mistake. 2. I see your point; however, I don't agree. 3. That may be true, but the risks are bigger. 4. That's a fair point. 5. To sum up, we both agree. 6. Wouldn't you agree that it's important? B5: 1. I totally agree with you. 2. There is a lot of evidence / There are many pieces of evidence. 3. I'm afraid I see it differently. 4. That's true, but it's risky. (o ...; however, it's risky.) B6: Respuesta libre.
🚀 Reto del día (60 min)
"The debate" — intervención grabada.
- Elige un tema polémico (móviles en clase, semana laboral de 4 días, comida rápida, etc.) y una postura. (5 min)
- Prepara una intervención de 14–16 frases: abrir → 3 argumentos con conectores y 1 ejemplo → conceder 1 punto → rebatir → concluir. (25 min)
- Anticipa 2 contraargumentos y prepara cómo rebatirlos. (10 min)
- Grábate (2–3 min) defendiendo tu postura con tono persuasivo y cortés. (15 min)
- Autoevalúa. (5 min)
Rúbrica (0–10):
- Estructura completa (abrir/argumentar/conceder/rebatir/cerrar): 0–3
- Conectores variados y bien usados: 0–2
- Lenguaje de rebatir cortés (sin "you are wrong"): 0–2
- Persuasión y coherencia: 0–2
- Pronunciación, entonación y fluidez: 0–1
✅ Quiz (~15 min)
- Fórmula para abrir tu postura = ?
- Fórmula para conceder un punto = ?
- Fórmula para rebatir educadamente = ?
- Corrige: You are wrong.
- Corrige: I am agree with you.
- ¿evidence es contable o incontable?
- Corrige: There are many evidences.
- Fórmula para cerrar/concluir = ?
- Traduce: Eso puede ser cierto, pero los riesgos son mayores.
- Corrige: That's true but however it's risky.
Ver respuestas
- I strongly believe that... / My position is that... 2. That's a fair point / I admit that... 3. I see your point, but... / That may be true, however... 4. I'm afraid I disagree / I see it differently. 5. I agree with you. 6. Incontable. 7. There is a lot of evidence / many pieces of evidence. 8. To sum up,... / In conclusion,... / For these reasons,... 9. That may be true, but the risks are bigger. 10. That's true, but it's risky (un solo conector).
📚 Recursos
- British Council — Agreeing and disagreeing: https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org
- BBC Learning English — Debating skills: https://www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish
- Cambridge Dictionary: https://dictionary.cambridge.org
⏭️ Siguiente
Mañana: Reto — opina sobre un tema. Pondrás en práctica todo lo de la semana en un ensayo + discurso de opinión sobre un tema real.
Quiz
Q Fórmula para rebatir educadamente:
* I see your point, but...
- You are wrong.
- That's false.
Q ¿"evidence" es contable o incontable?
* Incontable.
- Contable.
- Las dos formas.
Q Corrige: "There are many evidences."
* There is a lot of evidence.
- There are much evidences.
- There is many evidence.
Q Fórmula para abrir tu postura:
* I strongly believe that...
- That's a fair point.
- To sum up,...