Día 91 · Repaso Semana 13 · Pasado de to be
⏱️ Duración total: ~3 h 15 min — Clase 60 min · Ejercicios 60 min · Reto 60 min · Quiz ~15 min. Puedes dividirlo en varias sesiones el mismo día.
🎯 Objetivo del día
Al terminar podrás:
- Recordar y aplicar de forma automática was/were en afirmativo, negativo y preguntas.
- Detectar y corregir tus errores más frecuentes con el pasado de to be.
- Manejar con soltura fechas, años y marcadores de pasado.
- Autoevaluar tu nivel de la Semana 13 antes de avanzar al pasado simple regular.
📖 Clase (60 min)
Introducción y contexto
La repetición espaciada es la clave para que lo aprendido no se olvide. Hoy no hay contenido nuevo: revisitamos todo lo de la Semana 13 de forma condensada, conectando las piezas. Mañana empieza el pasado simple de verbos regulares (-ed), así que dejar bien fijado el pasado de to be es esencial: es el cimiento sobre el que se construye toda la narración en pasado.
Mapa de la semana
| Día | Tema | Idea central |
|---|---|---|
| 85 | Afirmativo | I/he/she/it → was; you/we/they → were |
| 86 | Negativo | wasn't / weren't (sin didn't) |
| 87 | Preguntas yes/no | Inversión: Was/Were + sujeto + short answers |
| 88 | Preguntas WH | WH + was/were + sujeto; Who sujeto sin invertir |
| 89 | Fechas y marcadores | años, ordinales, in/on/at, ago |
| 90 | Reto integrador | "Where were you yesterday?" |
Síntesis gramatical (todo en una página)
Conjugación completa:
| Pronombre | Afirm. | Neg. | Pregunta |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | I was | I wasn't | Was I…? |
| You | You were | You weren't | Were you…? |
| He/She/It | He was | He wasn't | Was he…? |
| We | We were | We weren't | Were we…? |
| They | They were | They weren't | Were they…? |
There was / There were = había (sing./plur.). En negativo + any.
Short answers: Yes, I was. (nunca contraído) / No, I wasn't. (contraído).
WH-questions: Where/When/Why/How/Who/What + was/were + sujeto?
Marcadores: yesterday, last night/week/year, … ago, in 1990, on Monday, at 7, when I was a child.
Vocabulario clave (consolidación)
| English | Pronunciación aprox. | Español |
|---|---|---|
| was / were | uós / uér | era, estaba / eran, estaban |
| wasn't / weren't | uósent / uérent | no era… / no eran… |
| yesterday | yésterdei | ayer |
| last week | last uík | la semana pasada |
| ago | egóu | hace (tiempo) |
| born | born | nacido/a |
| there was | der uós | había (sing.) |
| there were | der uér | había (plur.) |
| because | bicós | porque |
| first / second / third | férst / sécond / zerd | 1.º / 2.º / 3.º |
| on holiday | on jólidei | de vacaciones |
| at night | at náit | de noche |
| childhood | cháildjud | infancia |
| busy | bísi | ocupado/a |
| crowded | cráudid | lleno de gente |
| reason | rízon | razón / motivo |
Tus 8 errores más frecuentes (revísalos)
- ✗ I were tired. → ✓ I was tired.
- ✗ They was happy. → ✓ They were happy.
- ✗ I didn't was at home. → ✓ I wasn't at home.
- ✗ Did you were there? → ✓ Were you there?
- ✗ Yes, I were. / Yes, I's. → ✓ Yes, I was.
- ✗ I born in 1990. → ✓ I was born in 1990.
- ✗ I was there ago two years. → ✓ I was there two years ago.
- ✗ The party was in Saturday. → ✓ The party was on Saturday.
Mini-diálogo de repaso (todo integrado)
A: Where were you last weekend? You weren't at the office. B: No, I wasn't. I was at the coast. It was my parents' anniversary. A: Oh nice! When was it exactly? B: On Saturday the 14th. There were about thirty people. A: Was the weather good? B: It wasn't great on Saturday, but it was sunny on Sunday. It was a lovely weekend.
Traducción: —¿Dónde estabas el finde pasado? No estabas en la oficina. —No, no estaba. Estaba en la costa. Era el aniversario de mis padres. —¡Qué bien! ¿Cuándo fue exactamente? —El sábado 14. Había unas treinta personas. —¿Hizo buen tiempo? —El sábado no fue genial, pero el domingo estuvo soleado. Fue un fin de semana precioso.
✍️ Ejercicios (60 min)
Bloque 1 — Test de conjugación rápida (8 min)
Escribe was/were/wasn't/weren't según indique el signo.
- I ___ (+) at home.
- They ___ (−) ready.
- She ___ (+) a doctor.
- We ___ (−) late.
- It ___ (+) cold.
- You ___ (−) there.
Bloque 2 — Afirmativo → negativo → pregunta (10 min)
Transforma cada frase en las tres formas.
- She was happy.
- They were at school.
- It was expensive.
Bloque 3 — Preguntas WH (8 min)
Forma la pregunta (respuesta subrayada).
- I was at the gym. (Where)
- The trip was amazing. (How)
- They were late because of the rain. (Why)
- The party was on Friday. (When)
- Lucas was with her. (Who)
Bloque 4 — Fechas y marcadores (8 min)
- Escribe cómo se lee: 7 March 2018.
- Ordinal de 5: ___
- ¿in, on o at con "1990"? ___
- Corrige: "I was there ago a week."
- Traduce: "Nací en 1999."
Bloque 5 — Traducción Español → Inglés (10 min)
- ¿Dónde estabas anoche?
- No estábamos cansados.
- Había mucha gente en la fiesta.
- Ella nació el 3 de mayo.
- ¿Por qué llegaron tarde? — Porque había tráfico.
- Fue un buen fin de semana.
Bloque 6 — Corrige los 6 errores del párrafo (8 min)
Last summer I were on holiday in Greece. The hotel weren't expensive. Did you were there too? There wasn't no problems. The weather were perfect. I born in a small town near there.
Bloque 7 — Producción escrita (8 min)
Escribe 8 frases sobre un recuerdo importante (un viaje, una fiesta, tu infancia) usando: 3 afirmativos, 2 negativos, 1 pregunta WH (retórica), fechas/marcadores y al menos un there was/were.
Ver soluciones
B1: 1. was 2. weren't 3. was 4. weren't 5. was 6. weren't B2: 1. She was happy. / She wasn't happy. / Was she happy? 2. They were at school. / They weren't at school. / Were they at school? 3. It was expensive. / It wasn't expensive. / Was it expensive? B3: 1. Where were you? 2. How was the trip? 3. Why were they late? 4. When was the party? 5. Who was with her? B4: 1. the seventh of March, twenty eighteen 2. fifth 3. in 4. I was there a week ago. 5. I was born in 1999. B5: 1. Where were you last night? 2. We weren't tired. 3. There were a lot of / many people at the party. 4. She was born on the 3rd of May. 5. Why were they late? — Because there was traffic. 6. It was a good weekend. B6: Last summer I was on holiday in Greece. The hotel wasn't expensive. Were you there too? There weren't any problems. The weather was perfect. I was born in a small town near there. B7: Respuesta libre. Modelo: In 2017 I was on a trip to Peru. It was an amazing experience. The food was delicious. The hotel wasn't expensive. My friends weren't with me. Where was I the happiest? In Cusco. There were beautiful mountains. It was the best trip of my life.
🚀 Reto del día (60 min)
Test integrador Semana 13 + auto-corrección hablada.
Pasos:
- (20 min) Prueba escrita sin ayuda. Cierra los apuntes y escribe: (a) la tabla completa de conjugación de memoria; (b) 6 frases (2 afirm., 2 neg., 2 preg.) sobre tu semana pasada; (c) 3 preguntas WH con respuesta.
- (15 min) Corrige con la síntesis de la clase. Marca cada error y reescribe la versión correcta.
- (15 min) Graba un monólogo de 2 min: "My last weekend", integrando afirmativo, negativo, una pregunta retórica WH y fechas/marcadores.
- (10 min) Escúchate con la rúbrica y anota tu nota. Si es <8, repite el monólogo aplicando las correcciones.
Rúbrica de autoevaluación (0–10):
- Tabla de conjugación correcta de memoria (2 pts)
- Afirmativo/negativo/pregunta sin errores (3 pts)
- Preguntas WH bien formadas (2 pts)
- Fechas y marcadores correctos (1 pt)
- Fluidez y naturalidad en el audio (2 pts)
Meta: ≥8/10 para avanzar con seguridad al pasado simple regular.
✅ Quiz (~15 min)
- I/he/she/it → ¿was o were? ___
- Contracción de were not: ___
- Corrige: "Did you were at home?"
- Short answer "+": Were they happy? → ___
- WH para "¿cuándo?": ___
- Traduce: "Nací en 1990."
- ¿ago va antes o después del tiempo? ___
- Corrige: "They was tired."
- "There ___ many people." (había, plural) → ___
- Traduce: "No fue un buen día."
Ver respuestas
- was 2. weren't 3. Were you at home? 4. Yes, they were. 5. When 6. I was born in 1990. 7. después (two years ago). 8. They were tired. 9. were 10. It wasn't a good day.
📚 Recursos
- BBC Learning English – "was/were review": https://www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish
- British Council LearnEnglish – Past simple be test: https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org
- YouTube – Learn English with Emma [engVid]: "Past tense of BE – review & quiz".
⏭️ Siguiente
¡Gran salto mañana! Empezamos la Semana 14 con el pasado simple de verbos regulares (-ed): cómo decir I worked, she played, we visited y la pronunciación de la terminación -ed.
Quiz
Q *I / he / she / it* → ¿*was* o *were*?
* was
- were
- are
Q La contracción de *were not* es:
* weren't
- wasn't
- willn't
Q Short answer afirmativa: "Were they happy?"
* Yes, they were.
- Yes, they was.
- Yes, they're.
Q "There ___ many people." (había, plural)
* were
- was
- is