Día 44 · El presente simple negativo con doesn't
⏱️ Duración total: ~3 h 15 min — Clase 60 min · Ejercicios 60 min · Reto 60 min · Quiz ~15 min. Puedes dividirlo en varias sesiones el mismo día.
🎯 Objetivo del día
Al terminar podrás:
- Negar en presente simple con he / she / it usando
doesn't. - Explicar por qué con
doesn'tel verbo pierde la -s de tercera persona. - Hablar de los gustos y aficiones de otras personas en negativo.
- Distinguir cuándo usar
don'ty cuándodoesn't. - Describir lo que un familiar o amigo no hace en su tiempo libre.
📖 Clase (60 min)
Introducción y contexto
Ayer aprendiste a negar con I, you, we, they usando don't. Hoy completamos el sistema con la tercera persona del singular: he (él), she (ella), it (ello/cosa/animal). Estos sujetos usan un auxiliar distinto: doesn't (= does not). Es exactamente la misma lógica que la afirmación con -s de la semana 6: la tercera persona del singular siempre es "especial" en presente simple.
Si dominas el contraste de hoy, ya sabrás negar cualquier verbo de acción en presente, con cualquier sujeto. Es un salto enorme en tu capacidad de comunicarte.
Explicación detallada (regla por regla)
Regla 1 — La estructura.
He / She / It + doesn't + verbo base + complemento
- He doesn't like fish. — A él no le gusta el pescado.
- She doesn't play the guitar. — Ella no toca la guitarra.
- It doesn't work. — No funciona.
- My brother doesn't watch sports. — Mi hermano no ve deportes.
Regla 2 — ¡La -s desaparece! Esto es lo más importante de hoy. En afirmativo dices He plays. Pero la -s "salta" al auxiliar: does. Por eso, en negativo, doesn't ya lleva esa marca y el verbo principal vuelve a la forma base, sin -s:
- Afirmativo: She likes coffee.
- Negativo: She doesn't like coffee. (NO ❌ doesn't likes)
Piensa en la -s como una pelota: en afirmativo la tiene el verbo (plays); en negativo se la pasa a does → doesn't play.
Regla 3 — doesn't = does not. Igual que con don't/do not: la forma contraída es la habitual al hablar; la larga es enfática o formal.
Regla 4 — ¿Quién usa qué?
| Sujeto | Auxiliar |
|---|---|
| I, you, we, they | don't |
| he, she, it | doesn't |
Más ejemplos con aficiones, deportes y comida:
- He doesn't go to the gym. — Él no va al gimnasio.
- She doesn't eat meat. — Ella no come carne.
- My dog doesn't like water. — A mi perro no le gusta el agua.
- The shop doesn't open on Sundays. — La tienda no abre los domingos.
- He doesn't drink coffee. — Él no bebe café.
Vocabulario clave
| English | Pronunciación aprox. | Español |
|---|---|---|
| meat | míit | carne |
| fish | fish | pescado |
| vegetables | véchtabols | verduras |
| guitar | guitár | guitarra |
| piano | piánou | piano |
| chess | ches | ajedrez |
| gym | yim | gimnasio |
| jogging | yóguing | trotar / jogging |
| photography | fotógrafi | fotografía |
| gardening | gárdening | jardinería |
| sister | síster | hermana |
| brother | bróder | hermano |
| friend | frend | amigo/a |
| neighbour | néibor | vecino/a |
| to prefer | tu prifér | preferir |
| spicy | spáisi | picante |
Gramática a fondo
| Sujeto | Auxiliar negativo | Verbo | Ejemplo |
|---|---|---|---|
| He | doesn't | base | He doesn't smoke. |
| She | doesn't | base | She doesn't dance. |
| It | doesn't | base | It doesn't matter. |
Caso especial — have: en afirmativo la tercera persona es irregular (she has), pero en negativo vuelve a la base: She doesn't have a car. (NO ❌ doesn't has).
Caso especial — be: igual que ayer, be no usa does. La negación de He is es *He isn't, no ❌ He doesn't be.
Pronunciación y notas de uso
doesn'tse pronuncia /dásnt/ — ¡ojo!: la "oe" suena como "a", no "du-es". Mucha gente dice mal "du-esnt"; es "DÁSent".- does solo /das/. doesn't /dásnt/.
- En frases como She doesn't know, suena fluido: /shi dásnt nóu/.
Errores comunes del hispanohablante
- ❌ She no like tennis. → ✓ She doesn't like tennis.
- ❌ He doesn't likes coffee. → ✓ He doesn't like coffee.
- ❌ My sister don't eat meat. → ✓ My sister doesn't eat meat.
- ❌ It doesn't has batteries. → ✓ It doesn't have batteries.
- ❌ He don't play football. → ✓ He doesn't play football.
Mini-diálogo de ejemplo
Lucía: Does your brother like sports? — ¿A tu hermano le gustan los deportes? Sam: Not really. He doesn't play any sport. — La verdad que no. No practica ningún deporte. Lucía: What about your sister? — ¿Y tu hermana? Sam: She doesn't like team sports, but she runs. — No le gustan los deportes de equipo, pero corre. Lucía: My mum doesn't watch TV. She prefers reading. — Mi madre no ve la tele. Prefiere leer. Sam: Same as my dad. He doesn't enjoy screens. — Igual que mi padre. No disfruta las pantallas.
✍️ Ejercicios (60 min)
Bloque 1 — Completa con doesn't + verbo (10 min)
- He ___ (eat) fish.
- She ___ (play) the piano.
- My brother ___ (go) to the gym.
- The shop ___ (open) on Sundays.
- It ___ (work).
Bloque 2 — Elige don't o doesn't (10 min)
- I ___ like spicy food.
- She ___ play chess.
- They ___ watch TV.
- He ___ drink coffee.
- We ___ go jogging.
Bloque 3 — Transforma a negativo (10 min)
- She likes football. → ___
- He has a car. → ___
- My sister cooks every day. → ___
- It rains here. → ___
- He plays the guitar. → ___
Bloque 4 — Traducción Español → Inglés (10 min)
- A él no le gusta el pescado.
- Ella no toca el piano.
- Mi hermana no come carne.
- No funciona.
- Mi vecino no juega al ajedrez.
Bloque 5 — Corrige el error (8 min)
- She doesn't likes tennis.
- He don't play football.
- My brother no eat vegetables.
- It doesn't has batteries.
Bloque 6 — Producción escrita (12 min)
Escribe 5 frases sobre un familiar o amigo: 5 cosas que esa persona no hace en su tiempo libre. Usa doesn't.
Ver soluciones
B1: 1. doesn't eat 2. doesn't play 3. doesn't go 4. doesn't open 5. doesn't work B2: 1. don't 2. doesn't 3. don't 4. doesn't 5. don't B3: 1. She doesn't like football. 2. He doesn't have a car. 3. My sister doesn't cook every day. 4. It doesn't rain here. 5. He doesn't play the guitar. B4: 1. He doesn't like fish. 2. She doesn't play the piano. 3. My sister doesn't eat meat. 4. It doesn't work. 5. My neighbour doesn't play chess. B5: 1. She doesn't like tennis. 2. He doesn't play football. 3. My brother doesn't eat vegetables. 4. It doesn't have batteries. B6: Respuesta libre. Ej.: My brother doesn't read. He doesn't play sports. He doesn't cook. He doesn't like museums. He doesn't go to concerts.
🚀 Reto del día (60 min)
"Someone I know" — descripción negativa.
- Elige a una persona real (familiar, amigo, famoso).
- Escribe un párrafo de 6–8 frases con
doesn'tdescribiendo lo que esa persona no hace ni le gusta. - Incluye al menos 2 frases con
don'tpara contrastar ("My parents don't… but he doesn't…"). - Grábate leyéndolo, cuidando la pronunciación /dásnt/.
Rúbrica (0–10):
- Uso correcto de
doesn't+ verbo base (0–3) - Contraste correcto
don't/doesn't(0–2) - Vocabulario variado (0–2)
- Pronunciación de
doesn't(0–2) - Coherencia del párrafo (0–1)
✅ Quiz (~15 min)
- Auxiliar negativo para she: a) don't b) doesn't c) isn't
- ✓ o ✗: He doesn't likes tea.
- Traduce: "Ella no come carne."
- Completa: It ___ work.
- Negativo de He has a dog.
- Corrige: My sister don't dance.
- ¿don't o doesn't? They ___ play tennis.
- ¿Cómo se pronuncia doesn't?
- Negativo de She plays the piano.
- Corrige: He no like coffee.
Ver respuestas
- b) doesn't. 2. ✗ → He doesn't like tea. 3. She doesn't eat meat. 4. doesn't. 5. He doesn't have a dog. 6. My sister doesn't dance. 7. don't. 8. /dásnt/ ("DÁsent"). 9. She doesn't play the piano. 10. He doesn't like coffee.
📚 Recursos
- BBC Learning English — don't / doesn't: https://www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish
- Cambridge Dictionary (audio): https://dictionary.cambridge.org
- YouTube: busca "Present simple negative he she it doesn't".
⏭️ Siguiente
Mañana damos el siguiente paso natural: preguntas de sí/no con do y does (Do you like…? Does she play…?). ¡Ya casi dominas el presente simple completo!
Quiz
Q ¿Qué auxiliar negativo usa "she"?
* doesn't
- don't
- isn't
Q ¿Cuál frase es correcta?
* He doesn't like tea.
- He doesn't likes tea.
- He don't like tea.
Q Negativo de "She has a car":
* She doesn't have a car.
- She doesn't has a car.
- She don't have a car.
Q Completa: "My brother ___ eat meat."
* doesn't
- don't
- not