Día 26 · Hablar de tu familia: relaciones y descripción
⏱️ Duración total: ~3 h 15 min — Clase 60 min · Ejercicios 60 min · Reto 60 min · Quiz ~15 min. Puedes dividirlo en varias sesiones el mismo día.
🎯 Objetivo del día
Al terminar este día podrás:
- Combinar vocabulario de familia + posesivo 's + posesivos + descripción física.
- Explicar relaciones familiares: He's my mother's brother, so he's my uncle.
- Hablar de estado civil y de cuántas personas hay en tu familia.
- Hacer y responder preguntas completas sobre la familia.
- Construir un párrafo coherente sobre los tuyos (preparación del reto).
📖 Clase (60 min)
Introducción y contexto
Hoy no hay gramática nueva: integramos todo lo de la semana en discurso real. Vas a aprender a encadenar ideas para describir relaciones ("la hermana de mi padre es mi tía; es alta y tiene el pelo rizado"). Esta es la base directa del reto de mañana: el árbol genealógico hablado.
Explicación detallada
Explicar relaciones con "so" y "because"
- He's my mother's brother, so he's my uncle. (Es el hermano de mi madre, así que es mi tío.)
- She's my uncle's wife, so she's my aunt. (Es la esposa de mi tío, así que es mi tía.)
- I call her grandma because she's my mother's mother.
Estado civil y composición familiar
- He's married to Ana. (Está casado con Ana.)
- She's single / divorced. (Está soltera / divorciada.)
- They've got two children. (Tienen dos hijos.)
- There are five people in my family. (Hay cinco personas en mi familia.)
- I'm the youngest / the oldest. (Soy el/la menor / el/la mayor.) — anticipo de superlativos.
Plantilla de párrafo familiar
Una estructura útil para describir a alguien:
- Quién es: This is my sister. Her name is Lucía.
- Relación / datos: She's 24 and she's a nurse.
- Descripción física: She's tall and she's got long brown hair.
- Algo más: She lives in Madrid with her husband.
Preguntas frecuentes (responde y pregunta)
| Pregunta | Respuesta modelo |
|---|---|
| How many people are there in your family? | There are four: my parents, my brother and me. |
| Have you got any brothers or sisters? | Yes, I've got one brother. |
| What's your mother's name? | Her name is Carmen. |
| What does your father do? | He's an engineer. |
| What does your sister look like? | She's short and she's got curly hair. |
| Are your grandparents alive? | Yes, they are. / My grandfather isn't, he passed away. |
Vocabulario clave
| English | Pronunciación aprox. | Español |
|---|---|---|
| married | má-rid | casado/a |
| single | sín-gol | soltero/a |
| divorced | di-vórst | divorciado/a |
| widow / widower | uí-dou | viuda / viudo |
| the oldest | dhe óul-dest | el/la mayor |
| the youngest | dhe yán-guest | el/la menor |
| twins | tuíns | gemelos/as |
| stepfather | stép-fa-dher | padrastro |
| stepmother | stép-ma-dher | madrastra |
| half-brother | jaf-brá-dher | medio hermano |
| close (family) | klóus | unida (familia) |
| to get on well | get on uel | llevarse bien |
| relative | ré-la-tiv | pariente |
| alive | a-láiv | vivo |
| to pass away | pas a-uéi | fallecer |
| only child | óun-li cháild | hijo/a único/a |
| engaged | in-guéichd | comprometido/a |
Gramática a fondo — Repaso aplicado
| Recurso | Forma | Ejemplo |
|---|---|---|
| Presentar | This is + posesivo + N | This is my aunt. |
| Posesión 's | poseedor's + cosa | my father's sister |
| Posesivo | his/her/their + N | her husband, their kids |
| Describir (ser) | be + adj | She is friendly. |
| Describir (tener) | have got + N | He's got a beard. |
| Conector | ..., so / because... | He's single, so he lives alone. |
Pronunciación y notas de uso
- married → "má-rid" (la -ied suena "id" corta).
- divorced → "di-vórst" (acento en la 2ª sílaba).
- twins → "tuíns" (con z final suave).
- widow → "uí-dou".
- get on well es una expresión fija: "me llevo bien con". Ej.: I get on well with my brother.
- En enlace natural: my mother's brother → "mai má-dherz brá-dher".
Errores comunes del hispanohablante
✗ He is married with Ana. → ✓ He is married to Ana. (preposición to).
✗ We are five in my family. → ✓ There are five people in my family.
✗ My sister has 20 years. → ✓ My sister is 20.
✗ She is the more old. → ✓ She is the oldest. (superlativo; lo veremos a fondo más adelante).
✗ My father's the brother is my uncle. → ✓ My father's brother is my uncle.
✗ I get well with my sister. → ✓ I get on well with my sister.
Mini-diálogo de ejemplo
A: How many people are there in your family? (¿Cuántas personas hay en tu familia?) B: There are four: my parents, my sister and me. (Hay cuatro: mis padres, mi hermana y yo.) A: What does your sister do? (¿A qué se dedica tu hermana?) B: She's a teacher. She's tall and she's got short hair. (Es profesora. Es alta y tiene el pelo corto.) A: Is she married? (¿Está casada?) B: Yes, she's married to Carlos. They've got a baby. (Sí, está casada con Carlos. Tienen un bebé.) A: So you're an uncle! (¡Así que eres tío!) B: Yes! I get on well with them. (¡Sí! Me llevo bien con ellos.)
✍️ Ejercicios (60 min)
Ejercicio 1 · Completa la relación (8 min)
- My father's brother is my ____.
- My sister's daughter is my ____.
- My mother's mother is my ____.
- My uncle's wife is my ____.
- My parents' other son is my ____.
Ejercicio 2 · Une con so (8 min)
Ejemplo: She's my mother's sister → She's my mother's sister, so she's my aunt.
- He's my father's father → ...
- She's my brother's daughter → ...
- He's my mother's brother → ...
Ejercicio 3 · Completa con la palabra correcta (8 min)
- He's not married, he's ____.
- They have two babies born together: they're ____.
- My grandmother's husband died; she's a ____.
- He's married ____ Ana.
- I ____ on well ____ my cousin.
Ejercicio 4 · Traduce al inglés (12 min)
- Hay cinco personas en mi familia.
- Mi hermana está casada con Pablo.
- Él es el hermano de mi madre, así que es mi tío.
- Me llevo bien con mis primos.
- ¿A qué se dedica tu padre?
- Soy hijo único.
Ejercicio 5 · Traduce al español (8 min)
- My aunt is divorced and she's got two kids.
- Are your grandparents alive?
- He's single, so he lives alone.
- What's your mother's name?
- They get on well with their stepfather.
Ejercicio 6 · Ordena las palabras (8 min)
- married / sister / is / my / to / Carlos
- people / there / five / are / family / my / in
- brother / mother's / my / uncle / my / is
- on / I / get / well / my / with / brother
Ejercicio 7 · Producción escrita (8 min)
Escribe un párrafo de 8 frases sobre tu familia: cuántos sois, una relación explicada con so, dos descripciones físicas y un dato de estado civil.
Ver soluciones
Ej.1: 1. uncle 2. niece 3. grandmother 4. aunt 5. brother
Ej.2: 1. ...so he's my grandfather. 2. ...so she's my niece. 3. ...so he's my uncle.
Ej.3: 1. single 2. twins 3. widow 4. to 5. get / with
Ej.4: 1. There are five people in my family. 2. My sister is married to Pablo. 3. He's my mother's brother, so he's my uncle. 4. I get on well with my cousins. 5. What does your father do? 6. I'm an only child.
Ej.5: 1. Mi tía está divorciada y tiene dos hijos. 2. ¿Tus abuelos están vivos? 3. Está soltero, así que vive solo. 4. ¿Cómo se llama tu madre? 5. Se llevan bien con su padrastro.
Ej.6: 1. My sister is married to Carlos. 2. There are five people in my family. 3. My mother's brother is my uncle. 4. I get on well with my brother.
Ej.7: Respuesta libre. Verifica posesivos, so/because, be vs have got.
🚀 Reto del día (60 min)
"My family paragraph" — Texto + audio que prepara el árbol genealógico de mañana.
Pasos:
- (15 min) Lista a 6 familiares con: relación, edad/estado civil y 1 rasgo físico.
- (20 min) Escribe un texto de 12–15 frases que incluya: cuántos sois, 2 relaciones explicadas con so/because, 3 descripciones físicas, 2 posesivos 's, 3 adjetivos posesivos y un dato de estado civil.
- (10 min) Practica en voz alta cuidando enlaces (my mother's brother) y th.
- (15 min) Grábate (2–2.5 min) hablando de tu familia sin leer literal.
Rúbrica de autoevaluación (0–10):
- Vocabulario de familia y relaciones correcto: __/2
- Posesivo 's y posesivos bien usados: __/2
- Descripción física (be/have got): __/2
- Conectores so/because correctos: __/2
- Fluidez y pronunciación general: __/2
- Total: __/10
✅ Quiz (~15 min)
- Completa: "My father's sister is my ____."
- Une con so: "He's my mother's brother..."
- Corrige: "He is married with Ana."
- Traduce: "Hay cuatro personas en mi familia."
- Traduce: "Me llevo bien con mi hermana."
- ¿Qué es un widow?
- Corrige: "My sister has 20 years."
- ¿Qué significa "She's an only child"?
- Traduce: "¿A qué se dedica tu madre?"
- ¿single, married o divorced = soltero/a?
Ver respuestas
- aunt.
- "...so he's my uncle."
- He is married to Ana.
- There are four people in my family.
- I get on well with my sister.
- Una viuda.
- My sister is 20.
- "Es hija única."
- What does your mother do?
- single.
📚 Recursos
- BBC Learning English – Talking about family: https://www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish
- YouTube "English with Lucy" – Talk about your family.
- Cambridge Dictionary (audio): https://dictionary.cambridge.org
- British Council LearnEnglish – Family & relationships: https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org
⏭️ Siguiente
Mañana es el reto de la semana: presentarás tu árbol genealógico hablado, juntando todo lo aprendido sobre la familia. ¡A lucirte!
Quiz
Q Completa: "He's my mother's brother, so he's my ___."
* uncle
- nephew
- cousin
Q Corrige: "He is married with Ana."
* He is married to Ana.
- He is married in Ana.
- He is married for Ana.
Q Traduce: "Hay cuatro personas en mi familia."
* There are four people in my family.
- We are four in my family.
- It has four people in my family.
Q ¿Qué significa "single"?
* soltero/a
- casado/a
- divorciado/a